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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1150
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

The Soyuz-2.1a launch carried a spacecraft for the Russian Ministry of Defense.

GeneralCapabilityValue 3.6Apr 3, 2026Video of today's Soyuz-2.1a launch from Plesetsk Cosmodrome

The Soyuz-2.1a launch used a Fregat upper stage.

Page7of58
GeneralValue 3.5Apr 3, 2026Looks like chances of that Soyuz-5 making a launch today is grim. But this one apparently did finally launch at 06:28 UTC, apparently successfully on a Soyuz-2.1a (which hints strongly as w/ the Meridian satellite mentioned above, w/ a Fregat upper stage).

A Soyuz-2.1a rocket launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome at 09:28 Moscow Time on Apr. 3, 2026.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Apr 3, 2026Video of today's Soyuz-2.1a launch from Plesetsk Cosmodrome

The Soyuz-2.1a launch carried a spacecraft in the interests of the Russian Ministry of Defense.

GeneralRelationshipsValue 3.2Apr 3, 2026Ministry of Defense reported a successful launch of Soyuz-2.1a from Plesetsk Cosmodrome today at 09:28 Moscow Time. The launch vehicle carried a spacecraft in the interests of Ministry of Defense.

Another Soyuz-2 launch is planned from Plesetsk between April 1 and 15, 2026.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Apr 3, 2026Ministry of Defense reported a successful launch of Soyuz-2.1a from Plesetsk Cosmodrome today at 09:28 Moscow Time. The launch vehicle carried a spacecraft in the interests of Ministry of Defense.

A Soyuz-2.1a launch took place from Plesetsk Cosmodrome on April 3, 2026.

GeneralPlanValue 4.0Apr 3, 2026Interestingly, there is another Soyuz-2 in the vehicle assembly building, this *could be* for another Bureau 1440 launch, but not necessarily. Also, today's launch watched pupils of various military schools, since they had a tour to Plesetsk

The Russian Ministry of Defense launched a Soyuz-2.1a medium-class launch vehicle from Plesetsk Cosmodrome on April 3 at 9:28 a.m. Moscow Time.

GeneralPlanValue 4.0Apr 3, 2026Ministry of Defense reported a successful launch of Soyuz-2.1a from Plesetsk Cosmodrome today at 09:28 Moscow Time. The launch vehicle carried a spacecraft in the interests of Ministry of Defense.

A Soyuz-2.1a launch occurred at 06:28 UTC on 3 April 2026.

GeneralValue 4.0Apr 3, 2026Looks like chances of that Soyuz-5 making a launch today is grim. But this one apparently did finally launch at 06:28 UTC, apparently successfully on a Soyuz-2.1a (which hints strongly as w/ the Meridian satellite mentioned above, w/ a Fregat upper stage).

Soyuz-5 was reportedly rolled back into the assembly hall for fixes before launch due to numerous issues.

PlanCapabilityValue 2.5Apr 2, 2026I think bigger problem is that it seems they were nowhere near launch readiness (lots of on-pad integrated testing not done till now & apparently not even 2nd stage full-duration test firing has been done yet) and they are still reporting days from launch.

The Soyuz third stage is cataloged in orbit as SL-4 R/B with NORAD catalog number 68537.

GeneralValue 4.0Apr 2, 2026All 16 Rassvet satellites + 3rd stage of Soyuz are now cataloged in orbit

Soyuz's launch pad at the Vostochny cosmodrome is being modified for launches of Progress spacecraft to the International Space Station.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Apr 1, 2026Bakanov also said that Soyuz's launch pad at the Vostochny cosmodrome is being modified for launches of Progress spacecrafts to the ISS. Other launches like Glonass are planned to be gradually transferred to Vostochny as well.

The Russian Orbital Station’s Node Module and Airlock Module will be launched on Soyuz-2.1b.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Apr 1, 2026Depiction of the russian ISS segment with modules of the Russian Orbital Station (ROS) attached: Node Module (UUM) Science & Power Module (NEM) Airlock Module (ShM) Reminder: NEM will be launched on Proton-M, UUM and ShM

The Soyuz-5 second stage will turn east and burn until about T+570 seconds.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Mar 31, 2026Approximate Trajectory for Soyuz-5 test flight: Stage separation at T+: ~180 seconds, fairing separation at T+: ~185 seconds. After that, the 2nd stage will turn east and burn until T+: ~570 seconds. Both 2nd stage and the mass simulator will reenter and fall into the Pacific.

Backup launch windows for the Soyuz-5 test flight are March 4 and March 5.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 31, 2026Approximate Trajectory for Soyuz-5 test flight: Stage separation at T+: ~180 seconds, fairing separation at T+: ~185 seconds. After that, the 2nd stage will turn east and burn until T+: ~570 seconds. Both 2nd stage and the mass simulator will reenter and fall into the Pacific.

The Soyuz-5 test flight will separate its stages at about T+180 seconds and separate the fairing at about T+185 seconds.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 31, 2026Approximate Trajectory for Soyuz-5 test flight: Stage separation at T+: ~180 seconds, fairing separation at T+: ~185 seconds. After that, the 2nd stage will turn east and burn until T+: ~570 seconds. Both 2nd stage and the mass simulator will reenter and fall into the Pacific.

The Soyuz-5 / Sunkar rocket was transported to Pad 45/1 ahead of its first suborbital test flight.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 31, 2026And back to NET April 3 (but apparently they haven't done much on-pad testing of Not-Zenit yet so people think the practical date will be much later!):

Soyuz-5, also called Sunkar, was transported to Pad 45/1 ahead of its first suborbital test flight.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 31, 2026Approximate Trajectory for Soyuz-5 test flight: Stage separation at T+: ~180 seconds, fairing separation at T+: ~185 seconds. After that, the 2nd stage will turn east and burn until T+: ~570 seconds. Both 2nd stage and the mass simulator will reenter and fall into the Pacific.

March 4 and March 5 are backup launch windows for the Soyuz-5 / Sunkar suborbital test flight.

PlanValue 4.2Mar 31, 2026And back to NET April 3 (but apparently they haven't done much on-pad testing of Not-Zenit yet so people think the practical date will be much later!):

Backup launch windows for the Soyuz-5 / Sunkar test flight are March 4 and March 5.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 31, 2026Soyuz-5 / Sunkar rocket was transported to Pad 45/1 this morning, ahead of the first (suborbital) test flight. Launch is scheduled for March 3, between 14:00 and 16:00 Moscow Time. Backup windows are on March 4 and 5. Likely no live-stream for this one.

The Soyuz-5 / Sunkar rocket was transported to Pad 45/1 ahead of its first suborbital test flight.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Mar 31, 2026Soyuz-5 / Sunkar rocket was transported to Pad 45/1 this morning, ahead of the first (suborbital) test flight. Launch is scheduled for March 3, between 14:00 and 16:00 Moscow Time. Backup windows are on March 4 and 5. Likely no live-stream for this one.