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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1150
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Soyuz-2.1b launched from the Vostochny cosmodrome carrying two Aist-2T satellites and 50 other smaller satellites and cubesats.

PlanValue 4.0Apr 21, 2026Footage showing separation of NASBSat-2, a Belarusian cubesat, from the Fregat upper stage 28 December 2025, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

Soyuz MS-29 is in the Baikonur vehicle assembly building.

General
Page6of58
Value 2.8
Apr 21, 2026
ISS vehicles that are currently at Baikonur (Progress MS-34 already left this building)

Progress MS-34 was sent to the vehicle assembly building for final assembly with a Soyuz-2.1a rocket.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Apr 21, 2026ISS vehicles that are currently at Baikonur (Progress MS-34 already left this building)

Progress MS-34 is being prepared for final assembly with a Soyuz-2.1a launch vehicle.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 3.5Apr 21, 2026Progress MS-34 was sent to the vehicle assembly building for final assembly with Soyuz-2.1a

The Volga upper stage was used on the inaugural flight from Vostochny Cosmodrome in 2016 on a Soyuz-2.1a rocket.

GeneralPlanValue 3.5Apr 17, 2026Interestingly the Volga upper stage was used with the "traditional" Soyuz/R-7 rockets just once before, and it was on the inaugural flight from Vostochny Cosmodrome just days shy of 10 years ago in 2016 w/ a Soyuz-2.1a. I wonder what's launching on this one...

Angara-1.2 and Soyuz-2 debris areas are present at Plesetsk.

GeneralCapabilityValue 2.0Apr 17, 2026Video of tonight's Soyuz-2.1b launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome, carrying military payloads Ministry of Defense reported the launch as successful, cofirming separation of payloads in orbit. The launch took place at 02:17 Moscow Time. Now waiting for the Angara-1.2 launch.

A Soyuz-2.1b launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome carried military payloads.

GeneralValue 3.0Apr 17, 2026Video of tonight's Soyuz-2.1b launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome, carrying military payloads Ministry of Defense reported the launch as successful, cofirming separation of payloads in orbit. The launch took place at 02:17 Moscow Time. Now waiting for the Angara-1.2 launch.

Soyuz-2-1b launched one or more Kosmos satellites from Plesetsk at about 2318 UTC on Apr. 16, 2026.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Apr 17, 2026The reported orbit - launch time was fairly close to the rumors:

Russia's Ministry of Defense reported the Soyuz-2.1b launch as successful and confirmed separation of the payloads in orbit.

CapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Apr 17, 2026Video of tonight's Soyuz-2.1b launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome, carrying military payloads Ministry of Defense reported the launch as successful, cofirming separation of payloads in orbit. The launch took place at 02:17 Moscow Time. Now waiting for the Angara-1.2 launch.

The Soyuz-2-1b launch placed the Kosmos satellites into a 457 x 547 km, 98.3-degree orbit.

CapabilityValue 4.0Apr 17, 2026The reported orbit - launch time was fairly close to the rumors:

The Volga upper stage had previously been used with Soyuz/R-7 rockets only once before April 2026.

GeneralPlanValue 2.2Apr 17, 2026Interestingly the Volga upper stage was used with the "traditional" Soyuz/R-7 rockets just once before, and it was on the inaugural flight from Vostochny Cosmodrome just days shy of 10 years ago in 2016 w/ a Soyuz-2.1a. I wonder what's launching on this one...

The first Soyuz-5 rollout occurred on March 31, 2026.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Apr 16, 2026According to Kazakh media, the Soyuz-5 launch window is now extended until April 26 Btw, here is a short video of the first Soyuz-5 rollout, which happened on March 31:

The Soyuz-5 launch window was extended until April 26, 2026.

PlanValue 4.0Apr 16, 2026According to Kazakh media, the Soyuz-5 launch window is now extended until April 26 Btw, here is a short video of the first Soyuz-5 rollout, which happened on March 31:

Soyuz-5 was rolled out at the Baiterek complex.

GeneralValue 3.0Apr 16, 2026According to Kazakh media, the Soyuz-5 launch window is now extended until April 26 Btw, here is a short video of the first Soyuz-5 rollout, which happened on March 31:

Bureau 1440 showed footage of 16 Rassvet satellites separating from Soyuz's third stage.

CapabilityGeneralValue 3.2Apr 11, 2026Head of Roscosmos Dmitry Bakanov said that the Ukrainian Armed Forces tried to attack the Plesetsk cosmodrome with drones during the launch of Rassvet satellites. Similar attempts happened during Obzor-R launch in December (and probably during every launch lately).

Angara-1.2 debris areas and Soyuz-2 debris areas are present in the Plesetsk launch planning.

PlanValue 2.5Apr 9, 2026More launches (possibly two?) are expected from Plesetsk later this month. Both Angara-1.2 and Soyuz-2 debris areas are present. Launch windows: 1. April 13 - 29 between 21:00 and 23:59 UTC 2. April 14 - 30 between 00:00 and 16:00 UTC

A new NOTAM covers a Soyuz-5 launch from April 13 to April 20, 2026, between 10:30 and 14:30 UTC.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Apr 9, 2026There is also a new NOTAM for Soyuz-5 launch, on April 13 - 20, between 10:30 and 14:30 UTC I wouldn't have high hopes, but there is a potential of 5 or even 6 launches in total this month, including the one that happened last week.

The Node Module and Airlock Module for the Russian Orbital Station will be launched on Soyuz-2.1b.

PlanValue 4.2Apr 6, 2026This is how ROS could look like in its final form. Pretty much the same layout as before, but with Nauka as an additional module. I still remember some people, including Eric Berger, writing that the whole russian ISS segment will be undocked and serve as a core for ROS.

The launch date for Soyuz-5 will be determined later.

PlanValue 2.0Apr 4, 2026Not surprisingly (once I figured out the article above is dated March 30!):

The maiden launch of the Soyuz-5 launch vehicle, also known as Sunkar, was postponed from April 4.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Apr 4, 2026Not surprisingly (once I figured out the article above is dated March 30!):