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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1150
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

The first Soyuz-5 / Sunkar suborbital test flight is scheduled for March 3 between 14:00 and 16:00 Moscow Time.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 31, 2026And back to NET April 3 (but apparently they haven't done much on-pad testing of Not-Zenit yet so people think the practical date will be much later!):
Page8of58

The first suborbital test flight of Soyuz-5 / Sunkar is scheduled for March 3 between 14:00 and 16:00 Moscow Time.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 31, 2026Soyuz-5 / Sunkar rocket was transported to Pad 45/1 this morning, ahead of the first (suborbital) test flight. Launch is scheduled for March 3, between 14:00 and 16:00 Moscow Time. Backup windows are on March 4 and 5. Likely no live-stream for this one.

The first Soyuz-5 suborbital test flight is scheduled for March 3 between 14:00 and 16:00 Moscow Time.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 31, 2026Approximate Trajectory for Soyuz-5 test flight: Stage separation at T+: ~180 seconds, fairing separation at T+: ~185 seconds. After that, the 2nd stage will turn east and burn until T+: ~570 seconds. Both 2nd stage and the mass simulator will reenter and fall into the Pacific.

The rocket uses new second-stage engines derived from the RD-0124 engine used on Soyuz-2.1b's third stage.

CapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Mar 31, 2026As Zenit as it could be without being a Zenit (it has a larger diameter & new 2nd stage engines, a derivative of the RD-0124 on Soyuz-2.1b's 3rd stage):

The Soyuz-5 second stage and its mass simulator will reenter and fall into the Pacific Ocean.

GeneralValue 4.0Mar 31, 2026Approximate Trajectory for Soyuz-5 test flight: Stage separation at T+: ~180 seconds, fairing separation at T+: ~185 seconds. After that, the 2nd stage will turn east and burn until T+: ~570 seconds. Both 2nd stage and the mass simulator will reenter and fall into the Pacific.

The Soyuz 5 stage 2 is initially on a path to 85° inclination before offset thrust steers it to 65° for re-entry.

CapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Mar 28, 2026…or maybe not on the “heading to LEO” part (no official sources on this yet). Feels weird about a sub-orbital test flight that’s not Starship? Well the Russians did the same for the very 1st Soyuz-2 upgrade in November 2004 so it will not be the first time.

The Soyuz 5 test mission is a sub-orbital launch.

GeneralValue 2.0Mar 28, 2026…or maybe not on the “heading to LEO” part (no official sources on this yet). Feels weird about a sub-orbital test flight that’s not Starship? Well the Russians did the same for the very 1st Soyuz-2 upgrade in November 2004 so it will not be the first time.

The Soyuz 5 stage 1 drop zone is about 1,500 km north of Baikonur.

GeneralValue 3.0Mar 28, 2026…or maybe not on the “heading to LEO” part (no official sources on this yet). Feels weird about a sub-orbital test flight that’s not Starship? Well the Russians did the same for the very 1st Soyuz-2 upgrade in November 2004 so it will not be the first time.

The Soyuz 5 sub-orbital test launch is scheduled for April 2025.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 28, 2026…or maybe not on the “heading to LEO” part (no official sources on this yet). Feels weird about a sub-orbital test flight that’s not Starship? Well the Russians did the same for the very 1st Soyuz-2 upgrade in November 2004 so it will not be the first time.

The first Soyuz-5 rocket’s inaugural flight was pushed to April 2 at the earliest.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 27, 2026Latest launch date BTW:

The Soyuz 5 launch profile appears to include a second-stage de-orbit and re-entry about 115 minutes after lift-off.

PlanCapabilityValue 3.8Mar 27, 2026The launch seems to be going to LEO and with the 2nd stage being de-orbited after 1 orbit:

A Soyuz-2 launch is planned from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome between April 1 and 15.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 27, 2026Another Soyuz-2 launch is planned from Plesetsk between April 1 and 15 (not Bureau 1440)

The Orel descent module will use solid rocket motors for both vertical and horizontal speed reduction before touchdown, like Soyuz.

CapabilityValue 3.6Mar 27, 2026Just like on Soyuz, the descent module of Orel will have solid rocket motors (for both vertical and horizontal speed) to slow it down before touchdown.

The rollout of the first Soyuz-5 rocket to launch pad Site 45 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan was postponed to March 29.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 27, 2026Latest launch date BTW:

The new Soyuz 5 rocket is scheduled to launch from Baikonur in the next few days.

PlanValue 3.5Mar 27, 2026The launch seems to be going to LEO and with the 2nd stage being de-orbited after 1 orbit:

During the planned Soyuz-2 launch from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, separating parts of the launch vehicle may fall in the Udorsky Municipal District, the Knyazhpogostsky Municipal District, and the Kortkerossky Municipal District.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 27, 2026Another Soyuz-2 launch is planned from Plesetsk between April 1 and 15 (not Bureau 1440)

The Soyuz launch used a different military-style payload fairing than the Ariane-4-derived 81KS fairing depicted by the satellite developer.

CapabilityGeneralValue 3.6Mar 25, 2026This is apparently a video from the launch (Site 43/4 apparently from the lightning towers' shape) - note the fairing used. @planet4589 @RussianSpaceWeb (original from )

Bureau 1440 separated 16 Rassvet satellites from Soyuz's third stage.

CapabilityValue 4.6Mar 24, 2026The moment of payload separation, as seen from Soyuz's third stage

A Bureau 1440 video depicts 16 Rassvet satellites separating from Soyuz's third stage.

CapabilityGeneralValue 2.6Mar 24, 2026Bureau 1440 shows footage of separation of 16 Rassvet satellites from Soyuz's third stage

The Rassvet satellites were deployed from Soyuz's third stage.

GeneralValue 4.0Mar 24, 2026The moment of payload separation, as seen from Soyuz's third stage