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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
Admin
Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1150
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Soyuz-5 and Zenit share the same launch pad.

CapabilityGeneralValue 3.0Apr 26, 2026As Soyuz-5 launch is getting closer, I often hear some people calling it "a copy of zenit", "not-zenit" etc. Here is a quick comparison of the two rockets. They have the same 1st stage engine skirt (Soyuz-5 uses Zenit's pad) Other than that, Soyuz-5 is a newly designed rocket:
Page5of58

Soyuz-5 and Zenit have the same first-stage engine skirt.

CapabilityValue 4.0Apr 26, 2026As Soyuz-5 launch is getting closer, I often hear some people calling it "a copy of zenit", "not-zenit" etc. Here is a quick comparison of the two rockets. They have the same 1st stage engine skirt (Soyuz-5 uses Zenit's pad) Other than that, Soyuz-5 is a newly designed rocket:

Soyuz-5 uses an RD-171MV first-stage engine burning kerosene and liquid oxygen.

CapabilityGeneralValue 4.6Apr 26, 2026As Soyuz-5 launch is getting closer, I often hear some people calling it "a copy of zenit", "not-zenit" etc. Here is a quick comparison of the two rockets. They have the same 1st stage engine skirt (Soyuz-5 uses Zenit's pad) Other than that, Soyuz-5 is a newly designed rocket:

Soyuz-5 uses the same engine as Zenit.

CapabilityValue 3.5Apr 26, 2026Soyuz-5 is a newer rocket, as simple as that. There is no need to copy an old rocket, and the only reason why the "flamey end" is giving Zenit vibes, is because they decided to use same engine and Zenit's existing infrastructure, which, of course, is not used by Zenit anymore.

Soyuz-5 is developed by RKTs Progress.

RelationshipsValue 3.5Apr 26, 2026As Soyuz-5 launch is getting closer, I often hear some people calling it "a copy of zenit", "not-zenit" etc. Here is a quick comparison of the two rockets. They have the same 1st stage engine skirt (Soyuz-5 uses Zenit's pad) Other than that, Soyuz-5 is a newly designed rocket:

The first-stage engine skirt of Soyuz-5 was copied from Zenit to allow Soyuz-5 to use existing infrastructure.

CapabilityPlanValue 3.0Apr 26, 2026And if you can accept that only the 1st stage engine skirt was "copied" from Zenit to allow Soyuz-5 to use already existing infrastructure, you should also accept that the rest of the rocket is just as different as any other two-stage medium-lift vehicle, like CZ-12 or early F9.

Soyuz-5 is designed to deliver about 17 tonnes to low Earth orbit.

CapabilityValue 4.5Apr 26, 2026As Soyuz-5 launch is getting closer, I often hear some people calling it "a copy of zenit", "not-zenit" etc. Here is a quick comparison of the two rockets. They have the same 1st stage engine skirt (Soyuz-5 uses Zenit's pad) Other than that, Soyuz-5 is a newly designed rocket:

Soyuz-5 had a first flight planned for 2026.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Apr 26, 2026As Soyuz-5 launch is getting closer, I often hear some people calling it "a copy of zenit", "not-zenit" etc. Here is a quick comparison of the two rockets. They have the same 1st stage engine skirt (Soyuz-5 uses Zenit's pad) Other than that, Soyuz-5 is a newly designed rocket:

The Soyuz-2.1a launched Progress MS-34 toward the International Space Station on April 25, 2026.

PlanValue 4.0Apr 25, 2026Another successful Soyuz-2.1a launch! Progress MS-34 is now on its way to the ISS, docking is scheduled for April 28, 00:01 UTC. Key moments of the launch: 1. Liftoff 2. 1st stage separation 3. 2nd stage separation 4. Separation of Progress MS-34 spacecraft from the 3rd stage

A Soyuz-2.1a rocket with the Progress MS-34 spacecraft was rolled out to Pad 31/6 at Baikonur on April 23, 2026.

PlanValue 4.0Apr 23, 2026More photos of today's Soyuz-2.1a rollout at Baikonur's Site 31 1/4

Plesetsk cosmodrome has Soyuz and Angara launch pads.

CapabilityGeneralValue 3.0Apr 23, 2026Another tour to Soyuz & Angara launch pads at the Plesetsk cosmodrome today, video from MoD

Both Angara-1.2 and Soyuz-2 debris areas are present.

GeneralValue 3.0Apr 23, 2026Roscosmos reports a successful launch of Angara-1.2 from Plesetsk cosmodrome today at 11:29 Moscow Time, carrying military payloads for the Ministry of Defense

A Soyuz-2.1a rocket with the Progress MS-34 spacecraft was rolled out to Pad 31/6.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Apr 23, 2026Soyuz-2.1a rocket with Progress MS-34 spacecraft was rolled out to the Pad 31/6 this morning The launch is scheduled for April 26

A Soyuz-2 rocket was in the vehicle assembly building at Plesetsk cosmodrome.

GeneralValue 2.2Apr 23, 2026Another tour to Soyuz & Angara launch pads at the Plesetsk cosmodrome today, video from MoD

Rollout of the Soyuz-2.1a rocket for Progress MS-34 to Pad 31/6 is scheduled for tomorrow.

PlanValue 4.0Apr 22, 2026Soyuz-2.1a rocket for Progress MS-34 launch is now fully assembled Rollout to Pad 31/6 is scheduled for tomorrow.

Progress MS-34 was sent to the vehicle assembly building for final assembly with Soyuz-2.1a.

PlanValue 3.5Apr 22, 2026Soyuz-2.1a rocket for Progress MS-34 launch is now fully assembled Rollout to Pad 31/6 is scheduled for tomorrow.

The Soyuz-2.1a rocket for the Progress MS-34 launch is fully assembled.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Apr 22, 2026Soyuz-2.1a rocket for Progress MS-34 launch is now fully assembled Rollout to Pad 31/6 is scheduled for tomorrow.

The Soyuz-2.1a rocket for Progress MS-34 is scheduled to roll out to Pad 31/6 tomorrow.

PlanValue 4.0Apr 22, 2026Progress MS-34 will deliver over 2.5t of cargo to the ISS. This includes a new EVA suit – Orlan-MKS №8 Among other cargo are fuel (700 kg), food (483 kg), water (420 kg), sanitary and hygienic products (333 kg), station maintenance equipment and supplies (311 kg), etc.

The Soyuz-2.1a rocket for the Progress MS-34 launch is fully assembled.

PlanValue 3.0Apr 22, 2026Progress MS-34 will deliver over 2.5t of cargo to the ISS. This includes a new EVA suit – Orlan-MKS №8 Among other cargo are fuel (700 kg), food (483 kg), water (420 kg), sanitary and hygienic products (333 kg), station maintenance equipment and supplies (311 kg), etc.

Progress MS-34 was sent to the vehicle assembly building for final assembly with Soyuz-2.1a.

PlanCapabilityValue 3.2Apr 21, 2026Progress MS-34 was sent to the vehicle assembly building for final assembly with Soyuz-2.1a