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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
Admin
Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Soyuz MS-14 launched at 11:38 p.m. Eastern on 2019-08-21 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

PlanValue 4.0Aug 24, 2019Uncrewed Soyuz aborts ISS docking

The Soyuz MS-14 mission tested the use of the Soyuz-2.1a launch vehicle for launching Soyuz spacecraft as Russia seeks to phase out the older Soyuz-FG rocket for crewed missions by 2020.

Plan
Page50of58
General
Value 4.3
Aug 24, 2019
Uncrewed Soyuz aborts ISS docking

Soyuz MS-14 was the first uncrewed Soyuz spacecraft flight since the Soyuz TM-1 mission to the Mir space station in 1986.

GeneralPlanValue 2.5Aug 24, 2019Uncrewed Soyuz aborts ISS docking

Roscosmos plans to test FEDOR/Skybot F-850’s ability to support cosmonauts on the ISS during a short stay before Soyuz MS-14 returns to Earth in early September.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Aug 24, 2019Uncrewed Soyuz aborts ISS docking

OneWeb plans to begin monthly Soyuz launches in December to deploy an initial constellation of 650 broadband satellites by the end of 2021.

PlanGrowthValue 4.0Aug 23, 2019Radio astronomers worried about OneWeb interference

Roscosmos is preparing to launch the uncrewed Soyuz MS-14 spacecraft on 2019-08-21 to validate the upgraded Soyuz-2.1a rocket for future Soyuz missions.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Aug 12, 2019Robonaut to return to ISS

Soyuz MS-14 will carry the Russian-built humanoid robot Skybot F-850, also known as FEDOR, on its uncrewed flight.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.5Aug 12, 2019Robonaut to return to ISS

Exolaunch qualified the microsatellite separation system CarboNIX on the 2019-07-05 Soyuz rideshare mission.

CapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Aug 8, 2019Exolaunch qualifies, begins selling microsatellite separation system

The majority of OneWeb’s initial 648-satellite constellation is projected to launch on Soyuz rockets 34 to 36 at a time.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.2Aug 8, 2019OneWeb disputes Virgin Orbit lawsuit, says LauncherOne is too expensive

A second Telesat prototype developed by Maxar Technologies and the University of Toronto’s Space Flight Laboratory was lost during the November 2017 Soyuz failure.

GeneralRelationshipsValue 4.0Aug 7, 2019Telesat outlines spending plan for Canadian government’s LEO constellation investment

EDRS-C is the second SmallGEO satellite built by OHB, following Hispasat-36W-1 which launched in early 2017 on an Arianespace Soyuz.

GeneralPlanValue 3.0Aug 6, 2019Satellites for Intelsat, European lasercomm launch on Arianespace rocket

OneWeb will launch its initial constellation of 650 satellites in monthly batches of 34 to 36 each starting in December on Soyuz rockets.

PlanGrowthValue 4.6Aug 6, 2019OneWeb founder Wyler calls for responsible smallsat operations

OneWeb’s first six satellites were built at an Airbus factory in Toulouse, France and launched in February on a Soyuz rocket from French Guiana.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Jul 22, 2019OneWeb Satellites inaugurates Florida factory

The factory will build the first set of 34 OneWeb satellites scheduled to launch in December on a Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Jul 22, 2019OneWeb Satellites inaugurates Florida factory

Momentus launched its first demonstration mission 2019-07-05 on a Russian Soyuz rocket alongside dozens of small satellites and Russia’s Meteor M2-2 weather satellite.

GeneralPlanValue 4.0Jul 17, 2019Momentus raises $25.5 million for in-space shuttle

NASA announced it would procure two Soyuz seats to maintain a U.S. presence on the ISS through September 2020.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.0Jun 21, 2019GAO recommends NASA develop contingency plan for ISS access amid commercial crew delays

Roscosmos will launch the humanoid robot FEDOR on an uncrewed Soyuz launch in August to test using the Soyuz-2 rocket to launch that spacecraft.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Jun 10, 2019FIRST UP | Raytheon, UTC announce ‘merger of equals’ • Trump tweet sows space policy confusion • Falcon Heavy slips two days

OneWeb intends to continue using Soyuz rockets to deploy the bulk of its constellation in batches of 35 satellites at a time.

PlanGrowthValue 4.2Jun 6, 2019Virgin Orbit takes OneWeb to court over canceled launch contract

OneWeb launched its first six satellites in February 2018 aboard an Arianespace Soyuz rocket.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Jun 6, 2019Virgin Orbit takes OneWeb to court over canceled launch contract

Exolaunch is providing launch services and mission management for eight Spire Global satellites scheduled for liftoff 2019-07-05 on a Russian Soyuz rocket.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.5Jun 6, 2019Exolaunch preparing eight Spire Lemurs for Soyuz flight