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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
Admin
Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

GK Launch Services is an operator of commercial launches established by the decision of Roscosmos and is authorized to conclude commercial contracts for launches using Soyuz-2 family launch vehicles from Russian spaceports.

LegalRelationshipsCapabilityValue 4.0Oct 7, 2019Kepler Communications to launch satellites with ISL and GK Launch Services on a Soyuz mid-next year
Page49of58

Innovative Solutions in Launch, a subsidiary of ISISpace, plans to send the second Royal Thai Air Force satellite into orbit on a Soyuz rocket in 2020.

PlanRelationshipsValue 3.8Oct 1, 2019Royal Thai Air Force taps Innovative Solutions in Space to build second Earth observation satellite

The satellite is planned for launch on a Soyuz launch in 2020 through ISISpace’s launch services subsidiary ISILaunch.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Sep 26, 2019ISISpace selected by the Royal Thai Air Force for their next Earth Observation mission

HTV-8 will arrive at the International Space Station five days after launch to accommodate the 2019-09-25 launch of the Soyuz MS-15 crewed spacecraft.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Sep 20, 2019Japanese cargo spacecraft launch rescheduled after pad fire

The H-2B launch of HTV-8 was rescheduled to 12:05 p.m. Eastern on 2019-09-24, which corresponds to 1:05 a.m. on 2019-09-25 local time at Tanegashima Space Center, to avoid a potential close approach between the H-2B upper stage and the Soyuz MS-15 spacecraft launching 2019-09-24.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Sep 20, 2019Japanese cargo spacecraft launch rescheduled after pad fire

GK Launch Services is authorized to conclude and implement contracts for launch services using Soyuz-2 family launch vehicles from Russian spaceports.

LegalRelationshipsValue 3.8Sep 16, 2019GK and ISL team up for CubeSat launches

GK Launch Services is working with Roscosmos to develop a Soyuz 2M variant based on the Soyuz-2.1b without the Fregat upper stage.

RelationshipsPlanCapabilityValue 4.0Sep 12, 2019Smallsat launch services feel pricing pressure

The Soyuz 2M variant is expected to cost about $30,000,000 and to place two to three tons into sun-synchronous orbit.

FinancialCapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Sep 12, 2019Smallsat launch services feel pricing pressure

Iceye launched two small SAR satellites on 2019-07-05 on a Russian Soyuz rocket.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Sep 11, 2019Iceye releases stereo images from satellites launched in July

Arianespace signed contracts in 2019 to fly auxiliary payloads on Soyuz for Open Cosmos and Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems.

RelationshipsValue 4.0Sep 9, 2019Arianespace reveals manifest, notes launch market variety

Arianespace conducted seven launches in 2019 and planned to launch as many as four additional satellites on Ariane 5 and Soyuz that year.

PlanGrowthValue 4.0Sep 9, 2019Arianespace reveals manifest, notes launch market variety

Russia launched Soyuz MS-14 without a crew to test using the newer Soyuz-2.1a launch vehicle for future crewed Soyuz missions, replacing the Soyuz-FG vehicle.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.5Aug 27, 2019Soyuz docks with ISS on second attempt

Soyuz MS-14 launched on 2019-08-21 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Aug 27, 2019Soyuz docks with ISS on second attempt

The Soyuz MS-13 relocation maneuver was the first Soyuz relocation since August 2015 when Soyuz TMA-16M moved from Poisk to Zvezda.

PlanValue 3.0Aug 27, 2019Soyuz docks with ISS on second attempt

Cosmonauts will test the FEDOR robot on the International Space Station before returning it to Earth when Soyuz MS-14 undocks on 2019-09-07.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Aug 27, 2019Soyuz docks with ISS on second attempt

The docking of Soyuz MS-14 enabled the scheduled 2019-08-27 departure of a Dragon cargo spacecraft that had been berthed to the station for about one month.

PlanValue 4.0Aug 27, 2019Soyuz docks with ISS on second attempt

Soyuz MS-14 docked with the International Space Station on 2019-08-26 nearly 72 hours after aborting its original docking attempt.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Aug 27, 2019Soyuz docks with ISS on second attempt

Alexander Skvortsov will board Soyuz MS-13 docked to the station’s Zvezda module on 2019-08-26 and manually dock Soyuz MS-13 to the Poisk module to free the Zvezda module’s port for a Soyuz MS-14 docking attempt.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Aug 24, 2019Uncrewed Soyuz aborts ISS docking

Soyuz MS-14 failed to make an automated docking with the International Space Station on 2019-08-24, remaining about 90 m from the station.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Aug 24, 2019Uncrewed Soyuz aborts ISS docking

The station’s two Russian cosmonauts overseeing the docking issued a command to abort the docking at 1:36 a.m. Eastern and directed Soyuz MS-14 to move away from the station.

GeneralValue 4.0Aug 24, 2019Uncrewed Soyuz aborts ISS docking