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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
Admin
Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

The Soyuz rocket upper stage on the July mission is planned to deploy satellites into three different sun-synchronous orbits, releasing the primary payload Meteor M2 at 830 km, microsatellites at 580 km, and CubeSats including Spire’s Lemurs at 530 km.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.6Jun 6, 2019Exolaunch preparing eight Spire Lemurs for Soyuz flight
Page51of58

Momentus will demonstrate its water plasma propulsion on an Astro Digital 16-unit cubesat scheduled to launch 2019-07-05 on a Russian Soyuz rocket from Vostochny Cosmodrome.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0May 31, 2019Momentus reveals plans for Vigoride Extended Line service

Harald McPike paid a $7,000,000 initial deposit to Space Adventures for a $150,000,000 seat on a Soyuz circumlunar mission.

RelationshipsFinancialValue 5.0Apr 28, 2019Space Adventures reaches settlement with would-be lunar tourist

Constellation Services International proposed circumlunar missions using Soyuz spacecraft in 2004 but disbanded without making progress.

PlanGeneralValue 3.2Apr 28, 2019Space Adventures reaches settlement with would-be lunar tourist

NASA was in discussions with Roscosmos in February 2019 to purchase two Soyuz seats that Roscosmos was not planning to use for fall 2019 and spring 2020 flights to the station.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.0Apr 17, 2019Two NASA astronauts to get extended ISS stays

Andrew Morgan is scheduled to launch on a Soyuz mission on 2019-07-20.

PlanValue 3.5Apr 17, 2019Two NASA astronauts to get extended ISS stays

Nick Hague and Alexey Ovchinin were assigned in December 2018 to the Soyuz MS-12 spacecraft that launched in March 2019 with Christina Koch, replacing Oleg Skripochka and Hazza Al Mansouri.

GovernancePlanValue 3.7Apr 17, 2019Two NASA astronauts to get extended ISS stays

Arianespace plans to phase out Soyuz in the coming years as Europe’s Ariane 6 and Vega C launchers debut in 2020.

PlanGeneralValue 3.8Apr 12, 2019Glavkosmos absorbs ILS, promises lower Proton prices

Arianespace completed SES’s first-generation O3b constellation on 2019-04-04 with a Soyuz launch of four satellites.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Apr 4, 2019Soyuz launch completes first-generation O3b constellation

NASA has approached Roscosmos about adjusting the schedule and crews of upcoming Soyuz missions to allow for potential longer stays for its astronauts.

PlanRelationshipsValue 3.8Apr 4, 2019NASA approves extension of Boeing commercial crew test flight

Arianespace has launched the full O3b constellation since 2013 using Soyuz rockets that carry four satellites per mission.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Apr 4, 2019Soyuz launch completes first-generation O3b constellation

The extended mission aims to serve as a crew rotation mission as NASA's access to Soyuz seats diminishes.

PlanValue 3.0Apr 4, 2019NASA approves extension of Boeing commercial crew test flight

NASA plans to purchase two additional Soyuz seats from Roscosmos to ensure uninterrupted access to the ISS in case of delays in U.S. commercial crew launches.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.2Apr 4, 2019NASA approves extension of Boeing commercial crew test flight

OneWeb launched the first six satellites of a planned 648-satellite constellation on 2019-02-27 on an Arianespace-operated Soyuz rocket.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.6Mar 22, 2019EchoStar, Khosla Ventures invest $60 million in Wyler-backed broadband venture

Arianespace will use a Soyuz rocket on 2019-04-04 to launch four O3b satellites for SES, expanding the medium Earth orbit O3b system to 20 satellites.

PlanGrowthRelationshipsValue 4.5Mar 21, 2019Arianespace Vega launches Italian imaging satellite

On 2019-02-13, NASA issued a procurement notice to purchase two Soyuz seats from Roscosmos, with one seat on a mission in the fall of that year and the other in spring 2020.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.0Mar 21, 2019Almost Ready: SpaceX has work to do before Dragon is ready to carry crew

OneWeb anticipated launching around 150 satellites in 2019 using four or five Soyuz rockets and potentially Virgin Orbit’s LauncherOne.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Mar 18, 2019How OneWeb plans to make sure its first satellites aren’t its last

A Russian Soyuz rocket launched from French Guiana on 2019-02-27, delivering six French-built OneWeb satellites into low Earth orbit.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Mar 18, 2019How OneWeb plans to make sure its first satellites aren’t its last

The majority of OneWeb’s contracted Soyuz launches are expected to take place from Russia’s Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Mar 18, 2019OneWeb raises $1.25 billion from returning investors

OneWeb expects to begin launching roughly 30 satellites at a time on Soyuz rockets every three to four weeks in late summer or 2019-09-05.

PlanGrowthValue 4.0Mar 18, 2019How OneWeb plans to make sure its first satellites aren’t its last