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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
Admin
Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1150
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Soyuz-5/Sunkar rolled out at the Baiterek technical complex.

PlanGeneralValue 3.4Apr 30, 2026Roscosmos uploaded a lot of high quality photos from Soyuz-5 / Sunkar rollout & launch (thread): 1/15

Soyuz-5’s first stage and fairing separated during flight.

Page4of58
GeneralValue 3.0Apr 30, 2026RT by @robert_savitsky: RT by @robert_savitsky: Rocketcam views of Soyuz-5 first stage & fairing separation

Soyuz-5 is now targeting a launch at 14:00 Moscow Time tomorrow.

PlanValue 4.2Apr 30, 2026There are reports of a launch at ~21:00 Moscow Time, waiting for further information.

Soyuz-5 incorporates 3D printing, friction welding, and new alloys.

CapabilityValue 4.0Apr 30, 2026There are reports of a launch at ~21:00 Moscow Time, waiting for further information.

A launch of Soyuz-5 was reported at around 21:00 Moscow Time.

PlanValue 2.0Apr 30, 2026There are reports of a launch at ~21:00 Moscow Time, waiting for further information.

Soyuz-5 includes technology that is new to Soviet and Russian rockets in general.

CapabilityGeneralValue 2.5Apr 30, 2026There are reports of a launch at ~21:00 Moscow Time, waiting for further information.

Soyuz-5 rollout occurred at the Baiterek technical complex.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Apr 30, 2026RT by @robert_savitsky: RT by @robert_savitsky: Roscosmos shows compilation of Soyuz-5 rollout & launch footage, including a few rocketcam views

If the Soyuz-5 launch is delayed by more than one day, new NOTAMs and warnings will be required.

PlanLegalValue 2.5Apr 29, 2026Looks like not today. Tomorrow will be another opportunity.

Early Soyuz spacecraft were covered in the same MLI.

CapabilityValue 2.0Apr 29, 2026Here is a view of LK (T2K), covered in MLI When making art, KSP mods, etc., a lot of people are either completely forgetting insulation, leaving LK with bare metal, or giving the insulation wrong color, such as white. It was covered in the same MLI as early Soyuz spacecrafts:

A Soyuz-5 launch attempt is expected tomorrow between 14:00 and 16:00 Moscow Time.

PlanValue 4.0Apr 29, 2026Looks like not today. Tomorrow will be another opportunity.

Soyuz-5 is back on the launch pad.

PlanValue 3.0Apr 29, 2026Looks like not today. Tomorrow will be another opportunity.

The existing NOTAMs for Soyuz-5 are valid until April 30.

LegalValue 2.6Apr 29, 2026Looks like not today. Tomorrow will be another opportunity.

Soyuz-5 is back on the launch pad again.

PlanGeneralValue 1.8Apr 28, 2026Soyuz-5 is back on the launch pad again, and a few insiders on the NK forum are hinting that there will be a launch attempt tomorrow (14:00 - 16:00 Moscow Time) Existing NOTAMs are up until April 30, so if it gets delayed by more than a day, they'll need new NOTAMs and warnings.

A Soyuz-5 launch attempt is expected on April 29, 2026 between 14:00 and 16:00 Moscow Time.

PlanValue 4.0Apr 28, 2026Soyuz-5 is back on the launch pad again, and a few insiders on the NK forum are hinting that there will be a launch attempt tomorrow (14:00 - 16:00 Moscow Time) Existing NOTAMs are up until April 30, so if it gets delayed by more than a day, they'll need new NOTAMs and warnings.

Existing NOTAMs for the Soyuz-5 launch are valid until April 30, 2026, and a delay of more than one day would require new NOTAMs and warnings.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Apr 28, 2026Soyuz-5 is back on the launch pad again, and a few insiders on the NK forum are hinting that there will be a launch attempt tomorrow (14:00 - 16:00 Moscow Time) Existing NOTAMs are up until April 30, so if it gets delayed by more than a day, they'll need new NOTAMs and warnings.

Soyuz-5 is described as a two-stage medium-lift rocket.

CapabilityValue 3.5Apr 26, 2026And if you can accept that only the 1st stage engine skirt was "copied" from Zenit to allow Soyuz-5 to use already existing infrastructure, you should also accept that the rest of the rocket is just as different as any other two-stage medium-lift vehicle, like CZ-12 or early F9.

The launch team at Baikonur may have been assigned to the just-launched Progress MS-34 mission, delaying Soyuz-5 by several more days.

PlanValue 3.5Apr 26, 2026Nobody seems to know what’s going on at Baikonur still, although it appears the same launch team may have been taken by the launch campaign of just-launched Progress MS-34 so don’t expect it to fly for some more days.

CZ-12 and early Falcon 9 are described as two-stage medium-lift rockets similar to Soyuz-5 in overall class.

CapabilityValue 3.5Apr 26, 2026And if you can accept that only the 1st stage engine skirt was "copied" from Zenit to allow Soyuz-5 to use already existing infrastructure, you should also accept that the rest of the rocket is just as different as any other two-stage medium-lift vehicle, like CZ-12 or early F9.

Soyuz-5’s inaugural flight from Baikonur was postponed again due to technical issues.

PlanValue 3.0Apr 26, 2026Nobody seems to know what’s going on at Baikonur still, although it appears the same launch team may have been taken by the launch campaign of just-launched Progress MS-34 so don’t expect it to fly for some more days.

Soyuz-5 uses Zenit's existing infrastructure.

CapabilityValue 3.0Apr 26, 2026Soyuz-5 is a newer rocket, as simple as that. There is no need to copy an old rocket, and the only reason why the "flamey end" is giving Zenit vibes, is because they decided to use same engine and Zenit's existing infrastructure, which, of course, is not used by Zenit anymore.