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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
Admin
Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

GK Launch Services postponed the Soyuz rocket launch carrying the ELSA-d spacecraft that had been scheduled for 2021-03-20.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 20, 2021ELSA-d Launch Delay

Roscosmos posted that the 2021-03-20 Soyuz-2.1a launch was postponed to a backup date and later rescheduled for 2021-03-21 before being rescheduled for 2021-03-22.

Plan
Page39of58
Value 4.0
Mar 20, 2021
Soyuz-2 rideshare launch for South Korea, Astroscale, dozens more delayed to March 22

The Soyuz-2 rocket is scheduled for launch on Saturday at UTC 06:07:12 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

PlanValue 4.3Mar 19, 2021ISILAUNCH27 launch campaign: we are ready to lift-off!

The Progress Rocket Space Centre specialists performed the encapsulation of the Space Head Module (SHM) for the Soyuz rocket and its payloads.

CapabilityValue 3.8Mar 19, 2021ISILAUNCH27 launch campaign: we are ready to lift-off!

CAS-500-1 will be launched aboard a Russian Soyuz-2 launch vehicle from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

PlanValue 4.2Mar 18, 2021South Korean satellite uses navigation receiver from RUAG Space

In February and March 2020, Arianespace and its Starsem affiliate launched 68 OneWeb satellites from Baikonur Cosmodrome on two Soyuz flights.

PlanValue 4.5Mar 18, 2021Arianespace To Send 36 OneWeb Satellites To Orbit Via Soyuz

Arianespace plans a Soyuz launch from Vostochny Cosmodrome on 2021-03-25 to deliver 36 satellites into orbit.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 18, 2021Arianespace To Send 36 OneWeb Satellites To Orbit Via Soyuz

ELSA-d is scheduled to launch 2021-03-20 as part of a GK Launch Services Soyuz-2 rideshare mission from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan.

PlanValue 4.5Mar 18, 2021As Astroscale prepares to launch debris-removal demo, UK eyes in-orbit servicing leadership

ELSA-d will launch on a Soyuz rocket operated by GK Launch Services.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Mar 17, 2021Astroscale’s ELSA-d Mission Ready for Launch from Baikonur Cosmodrome on Saturday, March 20

The Soyuz-2 launch on 2021-03-20 will deliver 38 spacecraft from 18 countries into three sun-synchronous orbits.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Mar 16, 2021From Baikonur, 38 SmallSats Preparing For Push To Orbit By GK Launch Services

A Soyuz-2 launch vehicle with a Fregat upper stage operated by GK Launch Services is scheduled to launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on 2021-03-20 at 9:07 a.m. Moscow Time.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 16, 2021From Baikonur, 38 SmallSats Preparing For Push To Orbit By GK Launch Services

Axiom Space will receive a seat on a NASA commercial crew mission to the International Space Station, likely in 2023, in exchange for the Soyuz MS-18 seat.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.5Mar 15, 2021NASA astronaut may have extended stay on ISS

Mark Vande Hei will fly on Soyuz MS-18 to the International Space Station, launching 2021-04-09.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 15, 2021NASA astronaut may have extended stay on ISS

NASA acquired Mark Vande Hei’s Soyuz MS-18 seat through an exchange with commercial spaceflight company Axiom Space rather than by purchasing it directly from Roscosmos.

RelationshipsValue 4.0Mar 15, 2021NASA astronaut may have extended stay on ISS

The Soviet Union developed the Kurs rendezvous technology in the 1980s to dock with the Mir space station and later upgraded it for Soyuz docking with the International Space Station.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Mar 10, 2021Startup using Soviet-era technology to build satellite servicing vehicle

Mark Vande Hei and Roscosmos cosmonauts Oleg Novitskiy and Pyotr Dubrov are scheduled to launch on Soyuz MS-18 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Friday, 2021-04-09.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 10, 2021NASA assigns astronaut mark vande hei to international space station crew

Mark Vande Hei will join the crew of Soyuz MS-18 and launch to the International Space Station on 2021-04-09.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 9, 2021NASA confirms plan to fly astronaut on upcoming Soyuz mission

NASA signed a contract with commercial spaceflight company Axiom Space under which Axiom will provide NASA with a seat on the upcoming Soyuz MS-18 flight.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.0Mar 9, 2021NASA confirms plan to fly astronaut on upcoming Soyuz mission

NASA planned to obtain the Soyuz seat by providing similar in-kind services rather than by direct purchase from Roscosmos.

RelationshipsPlanValue 3.6Mar 9, 2021NASA confirms plan to fly astronaut on upcoming Soyuz mission

The Arktika-M satellite successfully reached its intended orbit after being launched from Kazakhstan’s Baikonur cosmodrome by a Soyuz rocket.

GeneralPlanValue 4.0Mar 1, 2021Russia Launches Space Satellite Arktika-M On First Mission To The Arctic