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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
Admin
Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Synspective Inc. signed a launch agreement with Exolaunch to launch the second demonstration satellite StriX-β on a Soyuz-2 launch vehicle from Vostochny Cosmodrome in Russia in late 2021.

RelationshipsPlanValue 5.0Mar 24, 2021Synspective Selects Exolaunch To Send Their Smallsat StriX-β To Orbit
Page38of58

Synspective has a launch agreement with the German launch services provider Exolaunch to launch the second demonstration satellite StriX-β on a Soyuz-2 launch vehicle from Vostochny Cosmodrome in Russia in late 2021.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.6Mar 24, 2021Synspective signs launch agreement with Exolaunch

CAS500-2 is slated to be launched in the first half of 2022 on a Russian Soyuz-2 rocket under a two-part launch agreement KARI and KAI signed with GK Launch Services in 2017.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.6Mar 23, 2021With CAS500, South Korea launches journey toward private-led satellite development

Each Open Cosmos satellite was integrated into the rocket deployer and ejected from the Soyuz-2.1A when the rocket reached approximately 500 km from Earth.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Mar 23, 2021Open Cosmos Milestone Reached With The Launch Of Two Smallsats

The first Soyuz from Vostochny placed 36 satellites in orbit on Flight ST29 on 2020-12-18.

GeneralPlanValue 4.0Mar 23, 2021Arianespace And OneWeb Ready To Launch 36 Smallsats From Vostochny Cosmodrome

GK Launch Services launched ELSA-d on a Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan into a 550 km orbit on 2021-03-22 at 06:07 UTC.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 4.6Mar 23, 2021Astroscale Celebrates Successful Launch of ELSA-d

Arianespace and its Starsem affiliate launched 34 OneWeb satellites from Baikonur Cosmodrome on Soyuz Flight ST27 on 2020-02-07.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 23, 2021Arianespace And OneWeb Ready To Launch 36 Smallsats From Vostochny Cosmodrome

Kepler launched two additional satellites on 2021-03-22 via Soyuz-2, expanding its active constellation to a total of 15 satellites.

GrowthPlanValue 4.0Mar 23, 2021A Cold, LEO Satellite Acquisition Demo By Kymeta + Kepler Results In u8 Terminal Success

Arianespace and its Starsem affiliate delivered 34 additional OneWeb satellites into orbit on Soyuz Flight ST28 on 2020-03-21.

RelationshipsGeneralValue 4.5Mar 23, 2021Arianespace And OneWeb Ready To Launch 36 Smallsats From Vostochny Cosmodrome

DMSat-1 launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard a Soyuz rocket.

PlanValue 3.5Mar 23, 2021Dubai Municipality announces launch of DMSat-1 Atmospheric Monitoring Microsatellite built by Space Flight Laboratory

The two Open Cosmos nanosatellites were launched aboard a Soyuz-2 rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome alongside the South Korean Earth observation satellite CAS500-1 and about 30 other satellites.

GeneralPlanValue 3.8Mar 23, 2021UK SpaceTech Open Cosmos launches two satellites to bring connectivity to hard-to-reach areas across the globe

OneWeb is slated to launch 36 more satellites on 2021-03-25 on an Arianespace-provided Soyuz launch from Vostochny Cosmodrome.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.6Mar 23, 2021Global Eagle Entertainment completes Chapter 11 restructuring

A Soyuz-2.1a rocket launched 38 satellites from 18 countries on 2021-03-22 from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 22, 2021Soyuz launch marks first full-commercial mission of Russia’s GK Launch Services

OneWeb will launch 36 broadband satellites aboard a Soyuz launch vehicle from the Vostochny Cosmodrome, Russia on 2021-03-25.

PlanCapabilityValue 5.0Mar 22, 2021RUAG Space Dispenser used for OneWeb launch

The Soyuz-2.1a rocket will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 21, 2021Astroscale’s ELSA-d Launch Re-scheduled for March 22, 06:07 UTC

OneWeb will launch 36 broadband satellites on 2021-03-25 aboard a Soyuz launch vehicle from the Vostochny Cosmodrome, Russia.

PlanValue 5.0Mar 21, 2021RUAG’s Space Dispenser Will Dispense OneWeb’s 36 Smallsats In Upcoming Launch

GK Launch Services postponed the launch of a Soyuz-2.1a rocket on 2021-03-20.

PlanValue 3.8Mar 21, 2021Astroscale’s ELSA-d Launch Re-scheduled for March 22, 06:07 UTC

Dmitry Rogozin, chief of Roscosmos, cited a power surge as the reason for postponing the Soyuz-2.1a launch.

PlanGovernanceGeneralValue 3.8Mar 20, 2021Soyuz-2 rideshare launch for South Korea, Astroscale, dozens more delayed to March 22

The Fregat upper stage enables the Soyuz-2 rocket to deliver up to 4,800 kg of payload mass to a sun-synchronous orbit.

CapabilityValue 4.3Mar 20, 2021Soyuz-2 rideshare launch for South Korea, Astroscale, dozens more delayed to March 22

Roscosmos reported that a commission meeting at Baikonur on 2021-03-20 considered test results of the Soyuz-2.1a rocket following a technical malfunction and decided to launch on the morning of 2021-03-22.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 20, 2021Soyuz-2 rideshare launch for South Korea, Astroscale, dozens more delayed to March 22