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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Spaceflight has launched more than 300 satellites across 36 missions on eight different launch vehicles, including Falcon 9, Electron, PSLV, Vega, and Soyuz.

GeneralValue 2.5Mar 1, 2021Spaceflight Inc. celebrates 10 years of business and successful launch of more than 300 satellites

Spaceflight executed its first launch in 2013 aboard a Soyuz vehicle.

Capability
Page40of58
Plan
Value 2.0
Mar 1, 2021
Spaceflight Inc. celebrates 10 years of business and successful launch of more than 300 satellites

NASA plans to obtain the Soyuz MS-18 seat through an exchange of in-kind services rather than a direct purchase, an arrangement believed to involve commercial spaceflight company Axiom Space.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.0Feb 26, 2021NASA and Roscosmos leaders speak as plans finalized for flying astronaut on upcoming Soyuz flight

Representatives Frank Lucas (R-Okla.) and Brian Babin (R-Texas) sent a 2021-02-23 letter to Steve Jurczyk requesting a briefing on NASA’s plans to obtain the Soyuz MS-18 seat.

GeneralLegalValue 2.2Feb 26, 2021NASA and Roscosmos leaders speak as plans finalized for flying astronaut on upcoming Soyuz flight

NASA announced on 2021-02-09 that it was working to obtain a seat on Soyuz MS-18, scheduled for launch 2021-04-09, to travel to the International Space Station.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 26, 2021NASA and Roscosmos leaders speak as plans finalized for flying astronaut on upcoming Soyuz flight

NASA published a sources sought procurement filing as a necessary step to identify alternative arrangements before concluding the Soyuz MS-18 seat deal, with a response deadline of 2021-02-19.

PlanRelationshipsValue 2.8Feb 26, 2021NASA and Roscosmos leaders speak as plans finalized for flying astronaut on upcoming Soyuz flight

South Korea will launch a mid-sized satellite on Russia’s Soyuz rocket in March from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to monitor urban areas and topographical features and to design maps.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Feb 25, 2021South Korea to spend $553 million on space projects in 2021

Spaceflight executed its first launch in 2013 aboard a Soyuz vehicle.

PlanGeneralValue 2.0Feb 24, 2021Spaceflight Celebrating Ten Years Of Smallsat Launch Accomplishments

The Soyuz MS-18 spacecraft is scheduled to launch to the International Space Station on 2021-04-10.

PlanValue 4.5Feb 20, 2021Northrop Grumman launches Cygnus cargo spacecraft to space station

NASA issued a procurement solicitation proposing to fly a NASA astronaut on Soyuz MS-18 using in-kind services rather than a cash payment, and the request for sources closed on 2021-02-19.

RelationshipsLegalPlanValue 4.2Feb 20, 2021Northrop Grumman launches Cygnus cargo spacecraft to space station

NASA is seeking to obtain one of the three seats on the 2021-04-10 Soyuz mission for an astronaut in exchange for in-kind services rather than purchasing the seat.

RelationshipsLegalValue 4.0Feb 18, 2021Starliner test flight slips to early April

Hiber Three was scheduled to launch on a Soyuz rocket in March 2021.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 18, 2021Hiber Launches Second Gen Smallsat via SpaceX’s Transporter-1

Astroscale will launch the space debris removal demonstration satellite ELSA-d on 2021-03-20 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on a Soyuz rocket provided by GK Launch Services.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.6Feb 18, 2021#SpaceSustainability Launches in Japan: For Earth and its Orbits

A Soyuz mission is scheduled to launch to the International Space Station on 2021-04-10 to carry three Russian cosmonauts.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 18, 2021Starliner test flight slips to early April

Hiber planned to launch Hiber Three in March 2021 on a Soyuz rocket.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 17, 2021Hiber Launches Via SpaceX One of the Most Responsible CubeSat Constellation Satellites

Soyuz MS-18 was scheduled to launch around 2021-04-10 to bring three Russian cosmonauts to the station.

PlanValue 4.0Jan 30, 2021Next SpaceX commercial crew mission to launch in April

Space Adventures and Roscosmos have contracts for two dedicated commercial Soyuz flights, with the first scheduled for December and the second planned for June 2023.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.6Jan 28, 2021Glavkosmos to sell seats on Soyuz missions

Glavkosmos plans the first dedicated commercial flight to be Soyuz MS-23 in the fall of 2022 to the International Space Station, with a second dedicated flight expected in 2023.

PlanGrowthValue 4.0Jan 28, 2021Glavkosmos to sell seats on Soyuz missions

Space Adventures announced in 2019 that it would purchase a dedicated Soyuz flight to the ISS carrying two customers and one professional astronaut.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.0Jan 26, 2021Axiom announces crew for first private ISS mission

ELSA-d will launch on a Soyuz rocket operated by GK Launch Services.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Jan 20, 2021Astroscale’s ELSA-d Demo Sat Arrives @ Baikonur For March Launch