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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Roscosmos suspended cooperation with Europe on Soyuz launches from the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana on 2022-02-26.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Mar 8, 2022The ending of an era in international space cooperation
Page30of58

A pair of Galileo navigation satellites for European institutional customers were scheduled to launch on Soyuz in April 2022 and were impacted by Russia’s suspension of Soyuz launches from French Guiana.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 8, 2022The ending of an era in international space cooperation

OneWeb’s remaining Soyuz launches were planned from Baikonur and were in question beyond the next launch scheduled for 2022-03-04.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Mar 8, 2022The ending of an era in international space cooperation

Arianespace suspended all Soyuz launches operated by Arianespace and Starsem in a 2022-03-04 news release.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Mar 3, 2022With Soyuz off the table, OneWeb back in the mix

NASA has previously paid as much as $86,000,000 per seat for Soyuz seats in direct contracts with Roscosmos.

FinancialRelationshipsValue 4.0Mar 3, 2022NASA awards SpaceX three additional commercial crew missions

OneWeb has launched 428 of a planned 648 broadband satellites aboard Soyuz rockets under a 19-launch contract with Arianespace of Évry, France.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Mar 3, 2022With Soyuz off the table, OneWeb back in the mix

OneWeb announced on 2022-03-03 that it would stop using Russia’s Soyuz rocket.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Mar 3, 2022With Soyuz off the table, OneWeb back in the mix

Roscosmos demanded that OneWeb guarantee by 1:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on 2022-03-04 that its satellites will not be used for military purposes or the Soyuz-2.1b rocket would be removed from the pad.

LegalRelationshipsPlanValue 4.3Mar 2, 2022Rogozin puts poison-pill conditions on OneWeb Soyuz launch

Arianespace has a contract with OneWeb to launch its constellation and has deployed 428 of the planned 648 satellites on Soyuz rockets over 13 missions since February 2019.

RelationshipsPlanCapabilityValue 4.6Mar 2, 2022OneWeb leaves Baikonur Cosmodrome after Roscosmos ultimatum

OneWeb planned a 2022-03-04 launch of 36 satellites on a Soyuz rocket.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 2, 2022OneWeb leaves Baikonur Cosmodrome after Roscosmos ultimatum

Arianespace has performed 13 Soyuz missions for OneWeb across launch sites in Kazakhstan, Russia, and French Guiana.

RelationshipsGeneralValue 4.0Mar 2, 2022Rogozin puts poison-pill conditions on OneWeb Soyuz launch

South Korea plans to launch the CAS500-2 remote sensing satellite in the first half of 2024 on a Russian Soyuz rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Mar 2, 2022Russian sanctions throw South Korean satellite missions into uncertainty

NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei is scheduled to return to Earth on the Soyuz MS-19 spacecraft currently docked to the International Space Station on 2022-03-30.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 1, 2022ISS operations remain normal ahead of private astronaut mission

Roscosmos identified the 2022-03-04 Soyuz launch as the first commercial launch from Baikonur in 2022.

PlanValue 3.2Feb 28, 2022Russia-Ukraine war raises questions for upcoming OneWeb launches

OneWeb planned to launch the second half of its constellation on Soyuz rockets from Kazakhstan in 2022.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 28, 2022Russia-Ukraine war raises questions for upcoming OneWeb launches

The latest batch of 36 OneWeb satellites is at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan where Arianespace planned to launch them on a Russian Soyuz rocket as soon as 2022-03-04.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Feb 28, 2022Russia-Ukraine war raises questions for upcoming OneWeb launches

Arianespace has deployed OneWeb satellites using Soyuz rockets from Kazakhstan, Russia, and French Guiana.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 3.0Feb 28, 2022Russia-Ukraine war raises questions for upcoming OneWeb launches

Russia withdrew 87 employees of several Russian companies that support Soyuz launches in French Guiana, which will delay a planned April launch of two Galileo navigation satellites.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 28, 2022Russia-Ukraine war raises questions for upcoming OneWeb launches

Russia’s space agency halted cooperation with Europe on Soyuz launches from French Guiana on 2022-02-26 in response to European sanctions over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

RelationshipsLegalValue 4.0Feb 28, 2022Russia-Ukraine war raises questions for upcoming OneWeb launches

Roscosmos cleared the Soyuz-2.1b carrier rocket for rollout and installation at the Baikonur launch pad on 2022-03-02 and scheduled the launch for 2022-03-04 at 22:41 UTC.

PlanGeneralValue 4.5Feb 28, 2022Russia-Ukraine war raises questions for upcoming OneWeb launches