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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

The Roscosmos decision will delay a Soyuz launch of two Galileo navigation satellites that had been scheduled for April 2022 from French Guiana.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 26, 2022Russia halts Soyuz launches from French Guiana

Roscosmos is halting cooperation with European partners on Soyuz launches from the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana as of 2022-02-26.

Relationships
Page31of58
Plan
Value 4.0
Feb 26, 2022
Russia halts Soyuz launches from French Guiana

A second pair of Galileo navigation satellites was scheduled to launch later in 2022 on another Soyuz from French Guiana.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 26, 2022Russia halts Soyuz launches from French Guiana

The French government expected to launch its CSO-3 reconnaissance satellite on a Soyuz in early 2023.

PlanValue 3.0Feb 26, 2022Russia halts Soyuz launches from French Guiana

The European Space Agency planned to launch the EarthCARE Earth science mission on a Soyuz in 2023 in cooperation with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Feb 26, 2022Russia halts Soyuz launches from French Guiana

The European Space Agency planned to launch the Euclid infrared space telescope on a Soyuz in 2023.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 26, 2022Russia halts Soyuz launches from French Guiana

A Soyuz rocket is scheduled to launch a new pair of Galileo GNSS satellites for the EU Agency for the Space Programme from Europe’s Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana in the second quarter of 2022.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 25, 2022ESA to continue cooperation but monitoring situation following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine

At the time after 2014, Soyuz was NASA’s only means of transporting astronauts to the International Space Station while NASA sought congressional funding for the Commercial Crew Program.

FinancialPlanValue 3.0Feb 25, 2022Previous invasion of Ukraine had serious repercussions for the space sector

In response to sanctions after the 2014 annexation of Crimea, Dmitry Rogozin threatened to deny NASA access to Soyuz seats and to halt exports of RD-180 rocket engines.

LegalRelationshipsValue 3.5Feb 25, 2022Previous invasion of Ukraine had serious repercussions for the space sector

A Soyuz spacecraft with three Russian cosmonauts was scheduled to launch on 2022-03-18.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 23, 2022U.S. and Europe say space cooperation with Russia not affected yet by Ukraine crisis

The 2022-02-10 Soyuz launch carried 34 satellites for OneWeb’s low Earth orbit broadband network.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Feb 10, 2022Arianespace launches 34 OneWeb satellites in first mission of 2022

The 2022-02-10 launch was Arianespace’s second Soyuz mission launched from the Guiana Space Center for OneWeb.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Feb 10, 2022Arianespace launches 34 OneWeb satellites in first mission of 2022

Arianespace exceeded 100 satellites launched on Soyuz from the Guiana Space Centre, reaching 101 Soyuz-launched satellites after Flight VS27.

GeneralCapabilityValue 4.4Feb 10, 2022Arianespace Launches 34 OneWeb Smallsats

Nikolai Chub is assigned to the backup crew for Soyuz MS-22 launching to the International Space Station in fall 2022 and to the prime crew for Soyuz MS-23 to the station in spring 2023.

PlanGovernanceValue 3.5Jan 26, 2022Russian cosmonaut secures U.S. visa after initial denial

The servicer and client satellites have been in low Earth orbit since they were launched together on a Soyuz rocket on 2022-03-22.

GeneralPlanValue 2.5Jan 26, 2022Astroscale pauses debris-removal demo following anomaly

A viable business case to continue Soyuz launches from French Guiana beyond 2023 would require at least two, and preferably three or more, such missions per year.

PlanGeneralValue 2.2Jan 7, 2022Arianespace looks to transitions of vehicles and business in 2022

A first Galileo launch carrying satellites from a previous order will occur in 2021 and a second Soyuz launch in the first half of 2022 will orbit the first two satellites from the latest EUSPA order.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Jan 6, 2022Arianespace Selected By EUSPA To Launch 8 New Galileo Satellites

Soyuz flight ST37 launched from Russia’s Baikonur Cosmodrome on 2021-12-27 at 06:10 p.m. local time (01:10 p.m. UTC).

PlanValue 4.0Jan 2, 2022Arianespace Lifts 36 Additional OneWeb Satellites To Their Orbital Slots

The ST37 launch was the first time Soyuz delivered 36 satellites instead of the usual 34 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Jan 2, 2022Arianespace Lifts 36 Additional OneWeb Satellites To Their Orbital Slots

Following manufacturing and launch vehicle integration improvements, a Soyuz rocket delivered 36 satellites from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for the first time instead of the usual 34.

CapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Dec 27, 2021Arianespace wraps up 2021 with OneWeb launch