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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Joint research activities between the Soviet Union and Western nations continued during some of the darkest stretches of the Cold War, including the Apollo-Soyuz crewed docking mission in 1975.

GeneralValue 1.8Apr 7, 2022Path to sustainable space unclear after Russia’s Ukraine invasion

Arianespace, based in Evry, France, booked 19 Soyuz launches for OneWeb, including the remaining six needed to complete its constellation.

Relationships
Page29of58
Plan
Growth
Value 4.0
Apr 6, 2022
Tory Bruno: Amazon’s launch contracts a ‘big deal’ for U.S. and allies’ industrial competitiveness

The goal is to have the seat exchange agreement in place to allow Russian cosmonaut Anna Kikina to fly on Crew-5 launching in September and a NASA astronaut to fly on Soyuz MS-22 launching in September.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.0Apr 1, 2022NASA still working with Russia on ISS seat barter agreement

Pyotr Dubrov and Mark Vande Hei spent 355 days in space on the mission that launched last April on Soyuz MS-18.

GeneralPlanValue 3.5Mar 30, 2022Soyuz returns astronaut and cosmonauts from space station

Arianespace is seeking alternative rides for five missions for European institutional customers that were to launch on Soyuz from French Guiana.

PlanRelationshipsValue 3.8Mar 24, 2022Arianespace and SpaceX work to adjust launch manifests

The Russian decision to halt Soyuz launches from French Guiana is complicating efforts to move the Sentinel-1C launch forward.

PlanLegalValue 3.2Mar 21, 2022Hope fading for recovery of European radar imaging satellite

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine halted six Soyuz launches that OneWeb was counting on to complete its 648‑satellite constellation in 2022.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 21, 2022OneWeb reaches launch deal with SpaceX

Russia has suspended Soyuz launches as a result of the conflict.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Mar 19, 2022Quilty Analytics Releases Report That Details The Impacts of the Russian-Ukraine Conflict On The Industry

The European Space Agency is evaluating options for launching missions originally planned for Russia’s Soyuz rocket, including non-European rockets and early use of Ariane 6.

PlanGeneralLegalValue 3.0Mar 17, 2022ESA weighs options for replacing Soyuz launches

Russia’s 2022-02-26 decision to halt Soyuz launches from French Guiana put five European missions in limbo, including two Galileo navigation satellite launches, ESA’s Euclid space observatory, the EarthCARE Earth science satellite, and a French reconnaissance satellite.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 17, 2022ESA suspends work with Russia on ExoMars mission

Using one of the former Soyuz missions on the first Ariane 6 flight could delay that Ariane 6 launch.

PlanValue 2.5Mar 17, 2022ESA weighs options for replacing Soyuz launches

OneWeb paused satellite deployment on 2022-03-03 after deciding to stop using Russia’s Soyuz rocket amid the war in Ukraine.

PlanGovernanceLegalValue 3.8Mar 15, 2022Kymeta secures $84 million to scale up antenna production

Soyuz MS-21 will launch to the International Space Station on 2022-03-18, carrying three Russian cosmonauts.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 15, 2022Space station operations remain normal despite geopolitical tensions

Europe’s Galileo navigation constellation had two pairs of satellites (Galileo 29,30 and Galileo 30,31) scheduled for Soyuz ST-B launches from the Guiana Space Centre in 2022.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 10, 2022Soyuz embargo strands satellites with limited launch options

OneWeb purchased eight of the 10 Soyuz missions that Soyuz flew for non-Russian customers in 2021 (all but two).

RelationshipsValue 4.0Mar 10, 2022Soyuz embargo strands satellites with limited launch options

OneWeb planned to deploy its final six batches of satellites by midyear using Soyuz rockets.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 10, 2022Soyuz embargo strands satellites with limited launch options

Roscosmos Director General Dmitry Rogozin offered to allocate Soyuz-2 rockets booked for OneWeb to private Russian space companies for launching domestic spacecraft.

RelationshipsPlanValue 3.6Mar 10, 2022Soyuz embargo strands satellites with limited launch options

EUMETSAT planned to launch the first Metop-SG weather satellite (Metop-SG A-1) with Soyuz ST-B from French Guiana in 2024 and had two additional Metop satellites penciled for 2025 and 2031 using a combination of Soyuz and Ariane 6.

PlanGrowthValue 4.6Mar 10, 2022Soyuz embargo strands satellites with limited launch options

OneWeb suspended six remaining Soyuz launches on 2022-03-03 to seek non-Russian launch alternatives following Russia’s war in Ukraine.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Mar 9, 2022UK bans space-related exports to Russia

OneWeb secured an insurance policy worth more than $1,000,000,000 on 2022-09-02 to cover 10 remaining Soyuz launches for its constellation at that time.

RelationshipsFinancialPlanValue 4.4Mar 9, 2022UK bans space-related exports to Russia