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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
Admin
Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Ken Bowersox flew a long-duration International Space Station mission, launching on a shuttle in 2002 and returning on a Soyuz in 2003.

GeneralPlanValue 3.0Mar 27, 2023NASA space operations head Lueders to retire

Two 3U CubeSats were launched aboard a Soyuz 2 rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on 21 March 2021.

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PlanValue 3.5Mar 22, 2023Open Cosmos marks second anniversary of dual satellite launch

The uncrewed Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft is scheduled to undock from the station on 2023-03-28.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 11, 2023Crew-5 mission ends with Florida splashdown

Roscosmos launched an uncrewed Soyuz spacecraft, Soyuz MS-23, in February to replace Soyuz MS-22.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 11, 2023Crew-5 mission ends with Florida splashdown

Soyuz MS-23 launched two days before 2023-02-25 on a Soyuz-2.1a rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 26, 2023Replacement Soyuz arrives at space station

The uncrewed Soyuz MS-23 spacecraft arrived at the International Space Station on 2023-02-25.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Feb 26, 2023Replacement Soyuz arrives at space station

Roscosmos and NASA decided in January that Soyuz MS-23 would launch without a crew in February.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 26, 2023Replacement Soyuz arrives at space station

Roscosmos is planning an uncrewed Soyuz MS-23 launch on a Soyuz-2.1a rocket to replace the damaged Soyuz MS-22, with launch scheduled for 2023-02-23 at 7:24 p.m. Eastern.

PlanGeneralValue 4.6Feb 22, 2023Crew-6 launch slips as Progress leak investigation continues

Soyuz MS-23 is scheduled to dock with the International Space Station two days after its 2023-02-23 launch.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Feb 22, 2023Crew-6 launch slips as Progress leak investigation continues

Soyuz MS-23 will launch without a crew because a coolant leak in the Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft in December rendered Soyuz MS-22 unable to safely return its three-person crew.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 18, 2023Russia reschedules Soyuz launch after Progress undocks

The scheduled docking of Soyuz MS-23 is set to occur shortly before the arrival of the SpaceX Crew-6 mission currently scheduled to launch early 2023-02-26.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 18, 2023Russia reschedules Soyuz launch after Progress undocks

The council of designers at RSC Energia recommended on 2023-02-18 that a Soyuz-2.1a launch of the Soyuz MS-23 spacecraft take place at 7:32 p.m. Eastern on 2023-02-23.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 18, 2023Russia reschedules Soyuz launch after Progress undocks

Soyuz MS-23 is scheduled to dock with the International Space Station two days after its planned 2023-02-23 launch.

PlanValue 3.8Feb 18, 2023Russia reschedules Soyuz launch after Progress undocks

Roscosmos delayed the uncrewed Soyuz MS-23 launch to investigate a coolant leak in the Progress MS-21 cargo spacecraft reported on 2023-02-11.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Feb 14, 2023Russia delays uncrewed Soyuz launch to investigate Progress leak

Yuri Borisov, head of Roscosmos, posted on the agency’s Telegram account on 2023-02-13 that the launch of the Soyuz MS-23 spacecraft scheduled for late 2023-02-19 (2023-02-20 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome) would be delayed until early March.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 14, 2023Russia delays uncrewed Soyuz launch to investigate Progress leak

Roscosmos released on 2023-02-13 a close-up image of the location of the Soyuz MS-22 leak taken by a camera on the Canadarm2 robotic arm.

CapabilityGeneralValue 3.0Feb 14, 2023Russia delays uncrewed Soyuz launch to investigate Progress leak

Roscosmos, in conjunction with NASA and other ISS partners, decided in January to launch Soyuz MS-23 without a crew to replace Soyuz MS-22.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 14, 2023Russia delays uncrewed Soyuz launch to investigate Progress leak

Soyuz MS-22 launched to the International Space Station in September 2023, a little more than a month before the Progress MS-21 launch.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Feb 11, 2023Progress cargo spacecraft at ISS suffers coolant leak

The Soyuz MS-22 coolant leak prompted Roscosmos and ISS partners to launch the next Soyuz spacecraft to the station without a crew.

PlanGeneralValue 3.9Feb 11, 2023Progress cargo spacecraft at ISS suffers coolant leak

Soyuz MS-23 is scheduled to launch on 2024-02-20 and dock with the International Space Station on 2024-02-22.

PlanValue 4.5Feb 11, 2023Progress cargo spacecraft at ISS suffers coolant leak