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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
Admin
Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

KB Yuzhnoe's satellite design required the use of a Proton rocket, while OKB-41 proposed a lighter satellite compatible with a Soyuz-class launch vehicle.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Sep 5, 2023Soviet television reconnaissance satellites

Andreas Mogensen was selected as an ESA astronaut in 2009 and became the first Danish citizen in space after a 10-day Soyuz mission to the space station in 2015.

Page23of58
GovernanceValue 3.0Aug 28, 2023NASA’s SpaceX Crew-7 Mission Successfully Launches to the International Space Station

European Space Agency astronaut Andreas Mogensen is the pilot for Crew-7 and previously flew to the International Space Station on a Soyuz in 2015 for a 10-day mission.

GovernancePlanValue 4.0Aug 27, 2023Crew-7 docks with space station

Andreas Mogensen was selected as an ESA astronaut in 2009 and became the first Danish citizen in space during a 10-day Soyuz mission to the space station in 2015.

GovernanceValue 2.0Aug 26, 2023NASA’s SpaceX Crew-7 launches to International Space Station

Luna-25 launched on a Soyuz-2.1b rocket from the Vostochny Cosmodrome in Russia’s Far East on 2023-08-10.

PlanValue 4.5Aug 20, 2023Luna-25 crashes into moon after orbit maneuver

Roscosmos launched Luna-25 on a Soyuz-2.1b rocket from the Vostochny Cosmodrome on 2023-08-10.

PlanGeneralValue 3.8Aug 19, 2023Luna-25 malfunctions during lunar orbit maneuver

Europe lost access to Russia’s Soyuz rocket launches from Kourou after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

GeneralValue 2.5Aug 9, 2023ESA confirms Ariane 6 debut to slip to 2024

Soyuz MS-22 suffered a coolant leak in December 2022 that led Roscosmos to replace the spacecraft by launching an uncrewed Soyuz MS-23 in February 2023 and return Soyuz MS-22 without a crew.

PlanGeneralValue 4.5Jul 30, 2023Crew Dragon, Soyuz missions set for launches to ISS

Soyuz MS-24 will be the first crewed Soyuz mission since Soyuz MS-22 in September 2022.

PlanValue 3.4Jul 30, 2023Crew Dragon, Soyuz missions set for launches to ISS

Soyuz MS-24 is scheduled to launch 2023-09-15 to bring Roscosmos cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub and NASA astronaut Loral O’Hara to the station.

PlanValue 4.0Jul 30, 2023Crew Dragon, Soyuz missions set for launches to ISS

LEO 2 was built by SFL in partnership with Maxar Technologies and was one of 19 satellites lost in the 2017 Russian Soyuz launch failure.

RelationshipsGeneralValue 4.0Jul 18, 2023Rocket Lab launch enables Telesat to restart LEO demonstrations

ESA originally planned to launch Euclid on a Soyuz rocket but switched to Falcon 9 due to the unavailability of the Soyuz vehicle.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Jul 10, 2023A crisis and an opportunity for European space access

ESA chose to launch Euclid on a Falcon 9 under a contract with SpaceX after losing access to the Soyuz rocket following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.4Jul 1, 2023Falcon 9 launches ESA’s Euclid space telescope

ESA originally planned to launch Euclid on a Soyuz rocket from the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Jun 29, 2023SpaceX to launch European astronomy mission

ESA began studies in the summer of 2022 to assess Euclid’s compatibility with Falcon 9 after the spacecraft had been designed for Soyuz.

PlanCapabilityValue 3.5Jun 29, 2023SpaceX to launch European astronomy mission

Dennis Tito paid about $20,000,000 to fly to the International Space Station on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft in 2001.

FinancialGeneralValue 4.6Jun 22, 2023What the wreck of the Titan portends for commercial spaceflight

Apogeo used a Russian Soyuz 2.1 rocket to launch its first Flexible Experimental Embedded Satellite (FEES) demonstrator in 2021.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Jun 6, 2023Apogeo Space orders second space tug for connectivity constellation

LEO 2, built by Space Flight Laboratory in partnership with Space Systems/Loral (now owned by Maxar Technologies), was one of 19 satellites lost in a 2017 Russian Soyuz launch failure.

CapabilityRelationshipsValue 4.0May 30, 2023Telesat orders prototype satellite to continue LEO broadband tests

Soyuz MS-23 launched without a crew in February to replace Soyuz MS-22 and is operating normally.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 29, 2023Starliner crewed test flight delayed to July

Arianespace had planned to deploy OneWeb’s remaining satellites with Soyuz rockets before that contract was scrapped following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

PlanLegalRelationshipsValue 4.3Mar 27, 2023OneWeb completes constellation deployment for global broadband