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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

CAS500-2 was scheduled to launch in the first half of 2022 on a Soyuz rocket from Russia’s Baikonur Cosmodrome.

PlanGeneralValue 3.8Feb 1, 2023South Korea picks Vega C to launch satellite grounded by Russian sanctions
Page25of58

SNIPE was scheduled to launch in the first half of 2022 on a Soyuz rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 1, 2023South Korea picks Vega C to launch satellite grounded by Russian sanctions

A seat barter agreement completed in July 2022 covered the flights of Anna Kikina and Andrey Fedyaev on Crew Dragon and NASA astronauts Frank Rubio and Loral O’Hara on Soyuz.

RelationshipsValue 4.5Jan 27, 2023NASA still working on long-term plans for ISS seat barters

Frank Rubio launched on Soyuz MS-22 in September 2022 and his stay was extended after damage to that spacecraft in December 2022.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Jan 27, 2023NASA still working on long-term plans for ISS seat barters

Roscosmos will replace the damaged Soyuz MS-22 with an uncrewed Soyuz MS-23 launching 2023-02-20.

PlanValue 4.6Jan 27, 2023NASA still working on long-term plans for ISS seat barters

On 2023-01-18 astronauts moved Frank Rubio’s custom-fitted seat liner from Soyuz MS-22 to the Crew Dragon spacecraft docked to the International Space Station.

GeneralValue 3.8Jan 19, 2023Space station activities move ahead amid Soyuz shuffle

Soyuz MS-22, which was docked to the International Space Station, was damaged on 2022-12-14 by a micrometeoroid hit that damaged a radiator and caused a coolant leak, according to Roscosmos and NASA conclusions.

CapabilityGeneralValue 4.5Jan 19, 2023Space station activities move ahead amid Soyuz shuffle

Soyuz MS-23 is scheduled to launch on 2023-02-20 and dock with the International Space Station on 2023-02-22.

PlanValue 4.5Jan 19, 2023Space station activities move ahead amid Soyuz shuffle

The launch of Soyuz MS-23 will slightly delay the Crew-6 Crew Dragon launch and NASA will revise the schedule for Crew-6 and other near-term flights, a process expected to take up to a couple weeks.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Jan 19, 2023Space station activities move ahead amid Soyuz shuffle

Roscosmos will launch an uncrewed Soyuz MS-23 spacecraft to the International Space Station on 2023-02-20.

PlanValue 4.5Jan 11, 2023Roscosmos to launch uncrewed Soyuz to replace damaged spacecraft at ISS

The planned spacewalk on 2022-12-14 was called off after coolant spewed from the Soyuz MS-22 leak for hours.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Jan 11, 2023Roscosmos to launch uncrewed Soyuz to replace damaged spacecraft at ISS

Under the revised plan, ISS crew members will spend one to two weeks transferring equipment, including customized seat liners, from Soyuz MS-22 to Soyuz MS-23 after MS-23 docks.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.3Jan 11, 2023Roscosmos to launch uncrewed Soyuz to replace damaged spacecraft at ISS

Russia’s Soyuz launch vehicle has been sidelined, creating gaps in Europe’s ability to deploy and maintain vital space infrastructure without outside assistance.

GeneralValue 2.0Dec 23, 2022Dark clouds, silver linings: Five ways war in Ukraine is transforming the space domain

Thermal analysis is being conducted to determine whether Soyuz MS-22 can perform a nominal reentry with a crew or if a rescue vehicle is required.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Dec 22, 2022Investigation into Soyuz leak continues

If a rescue mission is required, Soyuz MS-23 would be launched to the ISS without a crew to replace Soyuz MS-22 as a lifeboat.

PlanValue 4.0Dec 22, 2022Investigation into Soyuz leak continues

A previously planned spacewalk was delayed from 2022-12-19 to allow the ISS Canadarm2 robotic arm to survey the exterior of the Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Dec 22, 2022Investigation into Soyuz leak continues

NASA is delaying a spacewalk at the International Space Station by two days to support the Russian investigation into a coolant leak on Soyuz MS-22.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Dec 17, 2022NASA postpones spacewalk to support Soyuz investigation

Options under consideration include operating Soyuz MS-22 as-is with its crew returning in March 2023, an early return of Soyuz MS-22 and its crew, or launching Soyuz MS-23 without a crew to replace Soyuz MS-22.

PlanValue 4.0Dec 17, 2022NASA postpones spacewalk to support Soyuz investigation

There are concerns that Soyuz MS-22 may not be able to return to Earth as currently planned in March 2023.

PlanValue 2.0Dec 17, 2022NASA postpones spacewalk to support Soyuz investigation

Launching Soyuz MS-23 without a crew would likely extend the stay of Sergey Prokopyev, Dmitri Petelin, and Frank Rubio until another Soyuz can launch their replacements.

PlanValue 2.5Dec 17, 2022NASA postpones spacewalk to support Soyuz investigation