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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

If Baikonur cannot support new Soyuz crew launches for an extended period, Moscow may accelerate work at alternative sites such as Vostochny.

PlanGrowthValue 3.6Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis
Page18of58

The crew of Soyuz MS-28 includes NASA astronaut Chris Williams and Roscosmos astronauts Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and Sergey Mikayev.

GeneralValue 2.5Dec 1, 202512/1宇宙ニュース・AstroX、18億円の資金調達を実施 ロケット開発投資と人材採用を強化 ほか3件

Roscosmos reported damage on several elements of the launch pad used for the Soyuz MS-28 mission after inspections.

CapabilityValue 3.5Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis

The Shenzhou spacecraft is developed from the Russian Soyuz design with significant Chinese modifications.

CapabilityGeneralValue 2.8Dec 1, 2025China’s Shenzhou 22 rescue ship arrives at Tiangong

NASA, Northrop Grumman, and Roscosmos coordinated the move of Cygnus XL to provide clearance for Soyuz MS-28's arrival.

RelationshipsPlanGeneralValue 4.0Nov 26, 2025Soyuz rocket positioned at Baikonur for ISS crew launch as Cygnus XL temporarily removed

Due to the risk of overheating, the Russian space agency decided to send Soyuz MS-23 to the ISS to bring back the crew from the lightly damaged spacecraft.

PlanValue 4.2Nov 17, 2025Las tribulaciones de la tripulación china Shenzhou-21 a 400 kilómetros de altitud

The early deployment of Shenzhou-22, originally scheduled for launch in April next year, may be based on the experience of the Russian Soyuz program.

PlanGeneralValue 2.8Nov 17, 2025Las tribulaciones de la tripulación china Shenzhou-21 a 400 kilómetros de altitud

On September 13, Russia launched its Soyuz-2.1b rocket carrying two satellites: a GLONASS satellite and Mozhayets-6.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Nov 17, 2025Slingshot Spots Uncataloged Russian Sat in MEO

In December 2022, a micrometeoroid particle impacted the thermal control system radiator of Soyuz MS-22 while aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

CapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Nov 17, 2025Las tribulaciones de la tripulación china Shenzhou-21 a 400 kilómetros de altitud

The US public catalog of orbital objects listed the upper stage of the Soyuz rocket and the GLONASS payload operating in MEO at 19,100 km above Earth, but did not catalog Mozhayets-6.

GeneralCapabilityValue 4.0Nov 17, 2025Slingshot Spots Uncataloged Russian Sat in MEO

The design of the Shenzhou spacecraft is based on that of the Russian Soyuz spacecraft.

GeneralCapabilityValue 2.3Nov 17, 2025Las tribulaciones de la tripulación china Shenzhou-21 a 400 kilómetros de altitud

Macron called for increasing the frequency of Ariane 6 launches and modernizing the Guiana Space Centre, including renovating the Diamant and Soyuz launch platforms.

PlanGrowthValue 3.6Nov 13, 2025Francia aumentará un 70% su presupuesto militar espacial

The Guiana Space Centre is set to be modernized, including the redevelopment of the Diamant and Soyuz launch pads.

PlanGrowthValue 4.0Nov 13, 2025France Reveals New Space Strategy with Major Spending Increase

Powers supported six shuttle missions and four Soyuz missions.

CapabilityValue 3.0Oct 30, 2025New UCF Center Accelerates Research and Clinical Innovation in Space Medicine

Iran's Omid-e-Faza company highlighted the operational achievement of its Kowsar and Hodhod satellites following their launch aboard a Soyuz rocket.

CapabilityGeneralValue 2.6Oct 20, 2025Middle East Space Roundup: 13 to 19 October 2025

The Soyuz spacecraft will transport humans into orbit until the heat death of the universe.

GeneralValue 1.0Oct 9, 2025RT by @Cosmic_Penguin: The Soyuz will be transporting humans into orbit until the heat death of the universe.

The Soyuz spacecraft might resume transporting crews to Russia's post-International Space Station.

PlanValue 2.5Oct 9, 2025RT by @Cosmic_Penguin: It sounds like going in circles, but the Soyuz spacecraft might be back in business of transporting crews to Russia's post-ISS space station: DETAILS (subscription): https://russianspaceweb.com/insider-content.html

Soyuz MS-28 has completed testing in an anechoic chamber to test the spacecraft's radio equipment.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Oct 3, 2025RT by @Cosmic_Penguin: Soyuz MS-28 has completed the testing in anechoic chamber, which is used to test spacecraft's radio equipment. After that, the spacecraft was placed into the usual workplace for further preparations and tests. The launch is scheduled for November 27th.

After testing, Soyuz MS-28 was placed into the usual workplace for further preparations and tests.

PlanValue 2.0Oct 3, 2025RT by @Cosmic_Penguin: Soyuz MS-28 has completed the testing in anechoic chamber, which is used to test spacecraft's radio equipment. After that, the spacecraft was placed into the usual workplace for further preparations and tests. The launch is scheduled for November 27th.

The cash reserve will support the renovation of the old Soyuz launch facility in French Guiana and the inaugural flight of the Maia rocket.

PlanFinancialValue 3.5Oct 3, 2025MaiaSpace Received €180M in Advance Payments in 2024