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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1150
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Damage to the Baikonur launch site occurred following the Soyuz MS-28 mission launched successfully on November 27.

GeneralValue 2.3Dec 2, 2025Russia’s Space and Satellite Sector Under Strain

The three astronauts transported by Soyuz MS-28 are expected to stay on the International Space Station until July 2026.

Plan
Page17of58
Value 3.5
Dec 2, 2025
史上初、ISSのドッキングポートがすべて埋まる–8機の宇宙船で

On December 8, Soyuz MS-27 will depart from the International Space Station, carrying three astronauts back to Earth.

PlanValue 4.0Dec 2, 2025史上初、ISSのドッキングポートがすべて埋まる–8機の宇宙船で

The maintenance cabin installed in the flame duct of launch pad 31/6 collapsed due to the launch of the Soyuz 2.1a.

CapabilityValue 3.0Dec 1, 2025ロシア、打ち上げで「バイコヌール宇宙基地」の発射台を損傷–ISSへの有人輸送に影響か

Expedition 73's population temporarily expanded from seven to ten people with the arrival of Soyuz MS-28's crew.

GeneralValue 4.0Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis

Europe lost access to Russia's Soyuz rocket launching from French Guiana following the invasion of Ukraine.

GeneralValue 2.0Dec 1, 2025A big win for European space

The crew members of Soyuz MS-28 are scheduled to engage in research activities and maintenance tasks on the International Space Station (ISS) for approximately eight months as part of Expeditions 74.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Dec 1, 202512/1宇宙ニュース・AstroX、18億円の資金調達を実施 ロケット開発投資と人材採用を強化 ほか3件

Soyuz MS-28 reached orbit normally, and the docking sequence unfolded as planned.

PlanValue 3.5Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis

Expedition planners expect the station's headcount to fall again in early December when Soyuz MS-27 undocks.

PlanGrowthValue 3.0Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis

Soyuz MS-28 lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 4:27 a.m. EST on November 27.

PlanValue 4.0Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis

Soyuz MS-27 is scheduled to bring back Ryzhikov, Zubritsky, and Kim to Earth after their long-duration mission.

PlanValue 4.0Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis

Soyuz MS-28 carried NASA astronaut Chris Williams and Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and Sergei Mikaev.

GeneralValue 4.0Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis

Expedition 73 will conclude with the departure of Soyuz MS-27, transitioning command to the next increment.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis

Soyuz MS-28 docked to the International Space Station's Rassvet module at 10:16 a.m. EST.

PlanCapabilityValue 2.2Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis

The three newly arrived crew members of Soyuz MS-28 are expected to carry out a full mission, including science operations and station upkeep.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis

Soyuz MS-28, a crewed spacecraft carrying three astronauts, was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on November 27, 2025.

GeneralPlanValue 4.0Dec 1, 202512/1宇宙ニュース・AstroX、18億円の資金調達を実施 ロケット開発投資と人材採用を強化 ほか3件

Russia launched the Soyuz 2.1a rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on November 27.

PlanValue 4.0Dec 1, 2025ロシア、打ち上げで「バイコヌール宇宙基地」の発射台を損傷–ISSへの有人輸送に影響か

If Baikonur cannot support new Soyuz crew launches for an extended period, Moscow may accelerate work at alternative sites such as Vostochny.

PlanGrowthValue 3.6Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis

The crew of Soyuz MS-28 includes NASA astronaut Chris Williams and Roscosmos astronauts Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and Sergey Mikayev.

GeneralValue 2.5Dec 1, 202512/1宇宙ニュース・AstroX、18億円の資金調達を実施 ロケット開発投資と人材採用を強化 ほか3件

Roscosmos reported damage on several elements of the launch pad used for the Soyuz MS-28 mission after inspections.

CapabilityValue 3.5Dec 1, 2025Station 10 as Soyuz crew arrives amid Baikonur launch pad crisis