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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

The launch of Soyuz MS-28 is scheduled for November 27th.

PlanValue 4.0Oct 3, 2025RT by @Cosmic_Penguin: Soyuz MS-28 has completed the testing in anechoic chamber, which is used to test spacecraft's radio equipment. After that, the spacecraft was placed into the usual workplace for further preparations and tests. The launch is scheduled for November 27th.

The 2nd experimental version of the Soyuz spacecraft, known as Soyuz T, entered orbit 50 years ago.

General
Page19of58
Value 1.6
Sep 29, 2025
RT by @Cosmic_Penguin: 50 YEARS AGO TODAY: The 2nd experimental version of the Soyuz spacecraft, later known as Soyuz T, secretly enters orbit. The mission was announced under the cover name Kosmos-772, but its details remain largely unknown until this day. (Details on the site):

Bion-M No.2 was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on August 20 aboard the Soyuz-2.1b rocket.

PlanValue 4.0Sep 24, 2025マウスやハエを載せたロシアのカプセル、地球に帰還–30日間低軌道を周回

The Progress 93 spacecraft will launch on a Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

PlanValue 4.0Sep 8, 2025Progress 93 to Launch, Space Station Docking

Iran confirmed that the Earth-observation satellites Zafar and Paya are scheduled for launch aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket in late 2025.

PlanGeneralValue 4.3Aug 25, 2025Middle East Space Roundup: 18 to 24 August 2025

Space Adventures brokered the dedicated private astronaut flight of Soyuz MS-20 that visited the International Space Station.

RelationshipsGeneralValue 4.0Aug 18, 2025A museum exhibition on Japanese spaceflight

The Miraikan exhibition displays the descent capsule from Soyuz MS-20, which flew Yusaku Maezawa, Yozo Hizano, and Alexander Misurkin to the International Space Station in December 2021.

GeneralPlanValue 3.0Aug 18, 2025A museum exhibition on Japanese spaceflight

Soyuz MS-20 flew Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa, his assistant Yozo Hizano, and Russian cosmonaut Alexander Misurkin to the International Space Station in December 2021.

GeneralPlanValue 3.5Aug 18, 2025A museum exhibition on Japanese spaceflight

Soyuz MS-20 spent a week and a half at the International Space Station on a dedicated private astronaut flight brokered by Space Adventures.

RelationshipsGeneralValue 4.0Aug 18, 2025A museum exhibition on Japanese spaceflight

Iran launched its domestically-built Nahid-2 communication satellite aboard a Soyuz rocket on 25 July 2025.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Jul 28, 2025Middle East Space Roundup: 21 to 27 July 2025

The Saturn IB and Apollo used as the Skylab 4 contingency were returned to the Vehicle Assembly Building after the mission and later used for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.

GeneralValue 3.2Jul 14, 2025Superman and the Skylab rescue

CSO-3 was originally manifested to launch on Soyuz but was shifted to Ariane 6 after Russia halted Soyuz launches from French Guiana in 2022.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Jul 7, 2025The long recovery from a launcher crisis

Delays in Ariane 6 development, retirement of Ariane 5, the loss of Soyuz access after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and the grounding of Vega C in late 2022 created a gap in European access to space.

GeneralPlanValue 2.0Jul 7, 2025The long recovery from a launcher crisis

Europe experienced a launcher gap caused by delays in Ariane 6, retirement of Ariane 5, loss of access to Soyuz after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and the grounding of Vega C after a failure in late 2022.

PlanGeneralValue 2.0Jul 7, 2025The long recovery from a launcher crisis

In 2024, fifteen of the 17 Russian space launches were conducted using Soyuz launch vehicles.

GeneralPlanValue 3.0May 27, 2025The more things change…

NASA Associate Administrator Ken Bowersox met with Roscosmos Director General Bakanov at Baikonur Cosmodrome before the Soyuz MS-27 launch.

PlanGovernanceValue 3.0May 27, 2025The more things change…

Dmitriev highlighted Russian and US cooperation in the space industry following the launch of Soyuz MS-27 on April 8, 2025.

RelationshipsGeneralValue 2.0May 27, 2025The more things change…

The Soyuz-2.1v rocket's future for launching 14F150 satellites is uncertain due to potential depletion of its NK-33 engines.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 3.5May 5, 2025Project Nivelir: Russia’s inspection satellites (part 2)

Kosmos-2519 was launched in June 2017 aboard a Soyuz-2.1v rocket.

PlanValue 3.5Apr 28, 2025Project Nivelir: Russia’s inspection satellites (part 1)

Kosmos-2576 was launched by a Soyuz-2.1b rocket and carried additional small civilian satellites.

GeneralPlanValue 4.0Apr 28, 2025Project Nivelir: Russia’s inspection satellites (part 1)