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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Proton

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Manufacturer unknownRetired
Admin
Variants
1
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
4
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
Unknown
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
196520
196620

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource

No performance specs

No structured payload capacity rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Proton-3 Mission
UR-500
Jul 6, 1966
Launch 1966-F03
UR-500
Mar 24, 1966
Proton-2 Mission
UR-500
Nov 2, 1965
Proton Mission

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
UR-500
Not stated4Retired
UR-500
Jul 16, 1965

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Track
Mentions
31
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Russia’s Proton rocket will make its first flight in almost three years carrying the Elektro-L No.5 weather satellite into orbit.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 12, 2026Really weird to see one flying finally after so many years LOL. There are also only up to 10 left (recent reports is that all 10 have assigned payloads, although quite a few are civil comsats that must be listed w/ question marks) so go watch if you can.
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ExoMars was scheduled to launch in September 2022 on a Russian Proton rocket as part of a partnership between ESA and Roscosmos that included Russian development of a landing platform for the rover.

PlanRelationshipsGeneralValue 4.5Apr 10, 2024ESA awards contract to Thales Alenia Space to restart ExoMars

KB Yuzhnoe's satellite design required the use of a Proton rocket, while OKB-41 proposed a lighter satellite compatible with a Soyuz-class launch vehicle.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Sep 5, 2023Soviet television reconnaissance satellites

The TGR satellites would weigh approximately 10 tons and be launched by a two-stage version of Chelomei’s UR-500/Proton rocket.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Sep 5, 2023Soviet television reconnaissance satellites

The European Space Agency’s Rosalind Franklin rover was scheduled to launch in September 2022 on a Russian Proton rocket and descend on a Roscosmos-built landing platform in 2023.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Dec 23, 2022Dark clouds, silver linings: Five ways war in Ukraine is transforming the space domain

ExoMars was previously scheduled to launch in September on a Russian Proton rocket and to use a Russian landing platform to deliver the ESA-built Rosalind Franklin rover to Mars.

PlanValue 4.0Jun 13, 2022Ariane 6 launch debut pushed into 2023

ExoMars was planned to launch in September on a Proton rocket under a partnership between Roscosmos and the European Space Agency.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0May 3, 2022ExoMars official says launch unlikely before 2028

Russia was to launch the ExoMars mission on a Proton rocket and provide a landing platform and other components.

PlanCapabilityRelationshipsValue 4.0Apr 7, 2022ESA continues talks with NASA on ExoMars cooperation

ESA was collaborating with Roscosmos on the ExoMars mission, which was scheduled for launch in September 2022 on a Proton rocket and would deliver the Rosalind Franklin rover to Mars.

PlanCapabilityRelationshipsValue 4.0Mar 8, 2022The ending of an era in international space cooperation

Telkom-3S was ordered to replace Telkom-3, which was built by ISS Reshetnev and was lost in an August 2012 Proton rocket failure.

PlanRelationshipsGeneralValue 4.0Oct 28, 2021Indonesia orders Thales Alenia Space satellite to replace lost Nusantara-2

Measat-3 was launched on a Russian Proton rocket in December 2006.

PlanValue 4.5Aug 11, 2021Measat gives up on drifting satellite in a blow for insurers

Nauka launched on 2021-07-21 on a Proton rocket and experienced multiple technical problems, including with its propulsion system, immediately after reaching orbit.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Jul 29, 2021Station loses attitude control after Nauka docking, Starliner launch delayed

RSCC has two more satellites, Express-AMU3 and Express-AMU7, scheduled to launch in 2021 on another Proton rocket.

PlanValue 4.0Jul 30, 2020Proton launches two Russian communications satellites

RSCC scheduled Express-80 and Express-103 to launch together on a Proton rocket in March 2020 but delayed the launch to the second half of 2020 because of technical issues with the rocket.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0May 26, 2020RSCC planning four satellites to cover Russia’s Far North

RSCC slated Express-AMU3 and Express-AMU7 to launch on a Proton rocket in 2021.

PlanValue 4.0May 26, 2020RSCC planning four satellites to cover Russia’s Far North

The ExoMars mission consists of a Russian-led surface platform and a European-led rover to be launched on a Russian Proton rocket from Baikonur.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 12, 2020ExoMars rover mission delayed to late 2022

Khrunichev is developing a five-meter payload fairing for the Proton rocket that International Launch Services believes will make the vehicle more competitive for large geostationary satellites and low Earth orbit constellations.

CapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Mar 11, 2020ILS hires new president, gets approval to market Soyuz

The ExoMars mission will use a Russian Proton rocket to launch the rover in July 2020 and reach Mars in March 2021.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 2, 2020ExoMars parachute tests delayed, mission faces review

MEV-1 launched in early October 2019 on an International Launch Services Proton rocket.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 26, 2020Northrop Grumman’s MEV-1 servicer docks with Intelsat satellite

ESA’s ExoMars 2020 mission has experienced problems with its parachutes and faces tests to determine if it can launch on a Russian Proton rocket in 2020 or must wait until 2022.

PlanGeneralValue 4.2Feb 26, 202020 space industry predictions for 2020