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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Dennis Tito flew on a Soyuz spacecraft to the International Space Station in April 2001 as the first private astronaut to visit the station and the first person to pay his own way to space.

GeneralValue 4.0Oct 12, 2022Dennis Tito and wife to be on second Starship flight around the moon

Beyond Gravity provided dispensers that Arianespace used to deploy 428 of OneWeb’s planned 648 satellites on Soyuz launch vehicles.

Relationships
Page27of58
Plan
Value 4.0
Oct 6, 2022
India on track for OneWeb launch in second half of October

Beyond Gravity required only a minor adaptation to make the dispenser used for OneWeb’s Soyuz launches compatible with GSLV 2022-03-03.

CapabilityValue 3.8Oct 6, 2022India on track for OneWeb launch in second half of October

The July seat barter agreement includes seat exchanges between Soyuz and Crew Dragon missions in 2023 and 2024.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.0Oct 6, 2022Roscosmos official supports continued cooperation with NASA on ISS

CAS500-2 was contracted in 2017 to launch on a Russian Soyuz rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan and was scheduled for the first half of the year under a contract with GK Launch Services.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.5Sep 30, 2022South Korea seeks $32.9 million to launch satellites grounded by Russia sanctions

The Crew-6 seat used for the United Arab Emirates astronaut flight is a seat Axiom Space acquired from NASA in exchange for a Soyuz seat the company purchased directly from Roscosmos.

RelationshipsValue 4.2Sep 23, 2022Axiom Space to fly Saudi astronauts

The Soyuz rockets that previously deployed OneWeb satellites carried 34–36 satellites per launch, comparable to GSLV 2022-03-03 payload capacity.

CapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Sep 20, 2022Next batch of OneWeb satellites arrive in India for launch

OneWeb took a $229,000,000 charge in 2022 linked to the stranded satellites and the terminated Soyuz launch contract.

FinancialRelationshipsLegalValue 4.0Sep 20, 2022Next batch of OneWeb satellites arrive in India for launch

Arianespace had aimed to perform six more Soyuz missions under a 19-launch contract to complete OneWeb’s constellation, including a launch of spare satellites for in-orbit backup capacity.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Sep 13, 2022Arianespace and OneWeb reach settlement for suspended launches

OneWeb took a $229,000,000 charge in the current year linked to the canceled Soyuz launches and the 36 satellites left stranded in Kazakhstan after their ride was called off.

FinancialPlanGeneralValue 4.3Sep 13, 2022Arianespace and OneWeb reach settlement for suspended launches

Arianespace used Russia’s Soyuz rocket to deploy 428 of OneWeb’s planned 648 broadband satellites before its launch campaign for OneWeb halted in March.

PlanRelationshipsGrowthValue 4.0Sep 13, 2022Arianespace and OneWeb reach settlement for suspended launches

OneWeb included an impairment charge of $229,200,000 in its 2022 fiscal year linked to suspension of Soyuz launches and satellites stranded in Kazakhstan.

FinancialLegalGeneralValue 4.0Sep 7, 2022OneWeb takes $229 million charge for canceled Soyuz launches

The $272,300,000 reduction and $1,000,000 loss of prepayments were offset by the reversal of $44,100,000 of charges, including payments for future launches no longer scheduled on Soyuz.

FinancialValue 4.0Sep 7, 2022OneWeb takes $229 million charge for canceled Soyuz launches

OneWeb was preparing to launch 36 satellites on a Soyuz rocket from Baikonur in March 2022 when the launch was called off.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Sep 7, 2022OneWeb takes $229 million charge for canceled Soyuz launches

The Russian government required the British government to divest its stake in OneWeb as a condition for the Soyuz launch from Baikonur in March 2022.

LegalRelationshipsValue 4.3Sep 7, 2022OneWeb takes $229 million charge for canceled Soyuz launches

Delays in finalizing the agreement between the American and Russian governments created uncertainty about whether the agreement would be completed in time to allow Frank Rubio to fly on Soyuz MS-22.

PlanValue 4.0Aug 25, 2022NASA astronaut ready for Soyuz flight to ISS

Frank Rubio is scheduled to launch to the International Space Station on 2022-09-21 on the Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft.

PlanValue 4.0Aug 25, 2022NASA astronaut ready for Soyuz flight to ISS

NASA and Roscosmos implemented an agreement for integrated crews announced 2022-07-15 that includes crew exchanges between Soyuz and Crew Dragon missions.

RelationshipsPlanGeneralValue 4.0Aug 4, 2022NASA and Roscosmos officials restate intent to operate ISS after 2024

NASA astronaut Frank Rubio will fly on the Soyuz MS-22 mission launching 2022-09-21.

PlanGrowthGeneralValue 4.0Aug 4, 2022NASA and Roscosmos officials restate intent to operate ISS after 2024

Crew-5 is scheduled to launch no earlier than 2022-09-29 and the launch was expected to be pushed back a few days to provide more spacing with the Soyuz MS-22 mission.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Aug 4, 2022NASA and Roscosmos officials restate intent to operate ISS after 2024