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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1150
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

The Soyuz-2.1b launch is scheduled to occur in 50 minutes.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Dec 28, 2025The live stream of Soyuz-2.1b launch has started, 50 minutes until launch!

The first stage of Soyuz-2.1b separated successfully.

Page14of58
PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 3.5Dec 28, 2025Successful launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome, carrying two Aist-2T satellites and 50 other smaller satellites & cubesats! Key moments: 1. Liftoff 2. 1st stage separation 3. 2nd stage separation 4. Separation of Fregat upper stage with payloads

The December 28 Soyuz-2.1b launch will carry two Aist-2T satellites.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Dec 26, 2025afec7032 🇷🇺 (@robert_savitsky)

The Soyuz-5 rocket is fully assembled.

PlanCapabilityValue 3.5Dec 26, 2025First view on a fully assembled Soyuz-5! The rocket is currently at Baikonur, getting ready for its first launch

The December 28 Soyuz-2.1b launch will carry about 50 other small satellites and cubesats.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Dec 26, 2025afec7032 🇷🇺 (@robert_savitsky)

The rocket also has the designation «Soyuz-5».

GeneralCapabilityValue 3.0Dec 26, 2025Looks like they kept the Kazakh name of the rocket – «Sunkar», along with «Soyuz-5».

The Soyuz-2.1b rocket was installed on the launch pad of Site 1S at the Vostochny cosmodrome.

PlanValue 3.5Dec 26, 2025This morning, Soyuz-2.1b rocket was installed on the launch pad of Site 1S at the Vostochny cosmodrome. It's set to launch on December 28, carrying two Aist-2T satellites and ~50 other small & cubesats.

The Soyuz-5 rocket is currently at Baikonur.

PlanGeneralValue 2.0Dec 26, 2025First view on a fully assembled Soyuz-5! The rocket is currently at Baikonur, getting ready for its first launch

Soyuz-2.1b rocket was installed on the launch pad of Site 1S at the Vostochny Cosmodrome.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Dec 26, 2025afec7032 🇷🇺 (@robert_savitsky)

Roscosmos has released new photos of the assembled Soyuz-5 rocket.

CapabilityGeneralValue 2.0Dec 26, 2025x.com/i/status/2004447736725…

The Soyuz-5 rocket features an RD-171MV engine.

CapabilityValue 4.0Dec 26, 2025x.com/i/status/2004447736725…

Soyuz-2.1b is scheduled to launch on December 28 from the Vostochny Cosmodrome.

PlanValue 4.0Dec 26, 2025afec7032 🇷🇺 (@robert_savitsky)

An interesting engine shield is visible on the RD-171MV engine of the Soyuz-5 rocket.

CapabilityGeneralValue 2.5Dec 26, 2025x.com/i/status/2004447736725…

The Soyuz-2.1b rocket is set to launch on December 28.

PlanValue 4.0Dec 26, 2025This morning, Soyuz-2.1b rocket was installed on the launch pad of Site 1S at the Vostochny cosmodrome. It's set to launch on December 28, carrying two Aist-2T satellites and ~50 other small & cubesats.

The Soyuz-5 rocket is getting ready for its first launch.

PlanValue 3.5Dec 26, 2025First view on a fully assembled Soyuz-5! The rocket is currently at Baikonur, getting ready for its first launch

The Soyuz-2.1b rocket will carry two Aist-2T satellites and approximately 50 other small satellites and cubesats.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.2Dec 26, 2025This morning, Soyuz-2.1b rocket was installed on the launch pad of Site 1S at the Vostochny cosmodrome. It's set to launch on December 28, carrying two Aist-2T satellites and ~50 other small & cubesats.

The launch of the Soyuz-2.1b rocket is scheduled for December 28, 2025.

PlanValue 4.0Dec 25, 2025A meeting of the state commission was held at the Vostochny cosmodrome, where it was decided to rollout the Soyuz-2.1b rocket to the launch site on December 26. The launch is scheduled for December 28, 2025.

The Soyuz-2.1a rocket launched from Plesetsk cosmodrome carrying the 'Obzor-R' radar satellite.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Dec 25, 2025Video of yesterday's Soyuz-2.1a launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome, carrying «Obzor-R» radar satellite. This is the 150th successful launch of a Russian rocket since the last launch failure in 2018.

The launch of the Soyuz-2.1a rocket is the 150th successful launch of a Russian rocket since the last launch failure in 2018.

PlanValue 3.0Dec 25, 2025Video of yesterday's Soyuz-2.1a launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome, carrying «Obzor-R» radar satellite. This is the 150th successful launch of a Russian rocket since the last launch failure in 2018.

The Soyuz-2.1b rocket will be rolled out to the launch site at Vostochny cosmodrome on December 26.

PlanValue 4.0Dec 25, 2025A meeting of the state commission was held at the Vostochny cosmodrome, where it was decided to rollout the Soyuz-2.1b rocket to the launch site on December 26. The launch is scheduled for December 28, 2025.