Polaris Intelligence
Polaris
Intelligence
About
Ctrl K
Sign in
© Polaris Intelligence 2026
PrivacyTermsAdmin
Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
Admin
Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1150
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Node and Airlock modules will be launched separately on Soyuz-2.1b rockets.

PlanValue 3.8Jan 6, 2026As Node & Airlock modules are much smaller (the Node module is basically a copy of Prichal and will likely replace it), they will be launched separately on a Soyuz-2.1b rockets, similar to how Prichal was launched in 2021: 4/6

The first 3 modules of ROS, which are the NEM, Node, and Airlock modules, will be launched on Proton-M and Soyuz-2.1b rockets from Baikonur cosmodrome.

Plan
Page13of58
Capability
Value 4.0
Jan 6, 2026
Denis Manturov says that the first 3 modules of ROS (NEM, Node, and Airlock modules) will be launched on Proton-M & Soyuz-2.1b rockets from Baikonur cosmodrome, while later modules will use Angara-A5M and Vostochny. 1/6

The new Soyuz modification called 'Soyuz ROS' will be required for docking to the new modules built on the ISS.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Jan 6, 2026Because ROS will be built on the ISS, docking to the new modules will require a new Soyuz modification called «Soyuz ROS», until Orel starts flying. Later, the "stack" of NEM, Node, Airlock and Nauka modules, should undock from the rest of ISS into independent flight. 6/6

The Zafar-2, Paya, and Kowsar satellites were launched via a Russian Soyuz launch vehicle from the Vostochny Cosmodrome in eastern Russia.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Dec 29, 2025Successful Signal Reception for Iranian Satellite Trio Following Soyuz Launch

The 2nd stage of Soyuz-2.1b was found in the Vilyuysky District of the Sakha Republic after yesterday's launch.

GeneralValue 3.0Dec 29, 20252nd stage of Soyuz-2.1b, found in Vilyuysky District of the Sakha Republic after yesterday's launch. Source: Rescue Service of the Sakha Republic

The second stage of Soyuz-2.1b was found in the Vilyuysky District of the Sakha Republic after its launch.

GeneralValue 3.0Dec 29, 20252nd stage of Soyuz-2.1b, found in Vilyuysky District of the Sakha Republic after yesterday's launch. Source: Rescue Service of the Sakha Republic

The Soyuz-2.1b rocket successfully launched from the Vostochny cosmodrome.

PlanValue 1.8Dec 28, 2025Successful launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome, carrying two Aist-2T satellites and 50 other smaller satellites & cubesats! Key moments: 1. Liftoff 2. 1st stage separation 3. 2nd stage separation 4. Separation of Fregat upper stage with payloads

Soyuz-2.1b was launched from the Vostochny cosmodrome.

PlanValue 3.5Dec 28, 2025Footage of preparation & yesterday's launch of Soyuz-2.1b from the Vostochny cosmodrome, shared by TsENKI.

The launch of Soyuz-2.1b is scheduled for 16:18 Moscow Time.

PlanValue 3.5Dec 28, 2025Less than 5 hours left until the launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome. It will be a night launch. Live stream should start on 15:30 Moscow Time, launch – 16:18. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/live/lFOWEUSP9Vo?si=goYOoFSqBBPN4spC VK (technical stream without commentary): https://vkvideo.ru/video-30315369_456244600?list=ln-hBTbCfNk8bDWewGH1C

The Soyuz-2.1b launch will be a night launch.

PlanValue 2.0Dec 28, 2025Less than 5 hours left until the launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome. It will be a night launch. Live stream should start on 15:30 Moscow Time, launch – 16:18. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/live/lFOWEUSP9Vo?si=goYOoFSqBBPN4spC VK (technical stream without commentary): https://vkvideo.ru/video-30315369_456244600?list=ln-hBTbCfNk8bDWewGH1C

The launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome will occur in less than 5 hours.

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Dec 28, 2025Less than 5 hours left until the launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome. It will be a night launch. Live stream should start on 15:30 Moscow Time, launch – 16:18. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/live/lFOWEUSP9Vo?si=goYOoFSqBBPN4spC VK (technical stream without commentary): https://vkvideo.ru/video-30315369_456244600?list=ln-hBTbCfNk8bDWewGH1C

The Soyuz-2.1b launch will take place at night.

PlanGeneralValue 2.3Dec 28, 2025Less than 5 hours left until the launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome. It will be a night launch. Live stream should start on 15:30 Moscow Time, launch – 16:18. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/live/lFOWEUSP9Vo?si=goYOoFSqBBPN4spC VK (technical stream without commentary): https://vkvideo.ru/video-30315369_456244600?list=ln-hBTbCfNk8bDWewGH1C

The Soyuz-2.1b launch carried two Aist-2T satellites and 50 smaller satellites and cubesats.

GeneralValue 4.0Dec 28, 2025Successful launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome, carrying two Aist-2T satellites and 50 other smaller satellites & cubesats! Key moments: 1. Liftoff 2. 1st stage separation 3. 2nd stage separation 4. Separation of Fregat upper stage with payloads

The launch of Soyuz-2.1b will occur at 16:18 Moscow Time.

PlanValue 3.5Dec 28, 2025Less than 5 hours left until the launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome. It will be a night launch. Live stream should start on 15:30 Moscow Time, launch – 16:18. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/live/lFOWEUSP9Vo?si=goYOoFSqBBPN4spC VK (technical stream without commentary): https://vkvideo.ru/video-30315369_456244600?list=ln-hBTbCfNk8bDWewGH1C

The Soyuz-2.1b was successfully launched from the Vostochny cosmodrome.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Dec 28, 2025Successful launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome, carrying two Aist-2T satellites and 50 other smaller satellites & cubesats! Key moments: 1. Liftoff 2. 1st stage separation 3. 2nd stage separation 4. Separation of Fregat upper stage with payloads

Soyuz-2.1b was launched from the Vostochny cosmodrome.

PlanGeneralValue 2.0Dec 28, 2025Footage of preparation & yesterday's launch of Soyuz-2.1b from the Vostochny cosmodrome, shared by TsENKI.

The Soyuz-2.1b rocket carried two Aist-2T satellites and 50 other smaller satellites and cubesats.

CapabilityValue 4.0Dec 28, 2025Successful launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome, carrying two Aist-2T satellites and 50 other smaller satellites & cubesats! Key moments: 1. Liftoff 2. 1st stage separation 3. 2nd stage separation 4. Separation of Fregat upper stage with payloads

The second stage of Soyuz-2.1b separated successfully.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Dec 28, 2025Successful launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome, carrying two Aist-2T satellites and 50 other smaller satellites & cubesats! Key moments: 1. Liftoff 2. 1st stage separation 3. 2nd stage separation 4. Separation of Fregat upper stage with payloads

The Soyuz-2.1b launch is scheduled to take place in 50 minutes.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Dec 28, 2025The live stream of Soyuz-2.1b launch has started, 50 minutes until launch!

The Soyuz-2.1b rocket is scheduled to launch from Vostochny cosmodrome.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Dec 28, 2025Less than 5 hours left until the launch of Soyuz-2.1b from Vostochny cosmodrome. It will be a night launch. Live stream should start on 15:30 Moscow Time, launch – 16:18. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/live/lFOWEUSP9Vo?si=goYOoFSqBBPN4spC VK (technical stream without commentary): https://vkvideo.ru/video-30315369_456244600?list=ln-hBTbCfNk8bDWewGH1C