Союз
Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.
Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.
| Year | Historical missions | Forecast launches |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 16 | 0 |
| 2020 | 15 | 0 |
| 2021 | 21 | 0 |
| 2022 | 17 | 0 |
| 2023 | 15 | 0 |
| 2024 | 14 | 0 |
| 2025 | 12 | 0 |
| 2026 | 6 | 8 |
| 2027 | 0 | 8 |
| 2028 | 0 | 8 |
| 2029 | 0 | 8 |
| 2030 | 0 | 8 |
| 2031 | 0 | 8 |
| 2032 | 0 | 8 |
| 2033 | 0 | 8 |
| 2034 | 0 | 8 |
| 2035 | 0 | 8 |
Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.
| Variant | Orbit | Capacity | Altitude | Inclination | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soyuz-2-1B Союз-2.1б | LEO | 8,320 kg | 200 km | 51.7 deg | RKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page |
Soyuz-2-1B Союз-2.1б | LEO | 8,200 kg | 200 km | 51.8 deg | RKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page |
Latest launched missions using variants in this family.
| Mission | Variant | Launch |
|---|---|---|
| Progress MS-34 Mission | Soyuz-2-1A Союз-2.1а | Apr 25, 2026 |
| Kosmos-2609/2612? | Soyuz-2-1B Союз-2.1б | Apr 16, 2026 |
| Meridian No. 21L? | Soyuz-2-1A Fregat | Apr 3, 2026 |
| Rassvet-3 G1 |
Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.
| Variant | Stages | Missions | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
Soyuz-2-1A Союз-2.1а | Not stated | 57 | Active |
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat | Not stated | 23 | Active |
Soyuz-2-1A Volga | Not stated | 1 | Retired |
Soyuz-2-1B Союз-2.1б | Not stated | 24 |
| 2036 | 0 | 8 |
| 2037 | 0 | 8 |
| 2038 | 0 | 8 |
| 2039 | 0 | 8 |
| 2040 | 0 | 8 |
| 2041 | 0 | 8 |
1 launch location represented.
| Year | Location | Launches | Confidence | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 30% | Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence. |
| 2027 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 35% | Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. |
| 2028 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 30% | Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence. |
| 2029 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 35% | Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. |
| 2030 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 30% | Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence. |
| 2031 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 35% | Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. |
| 2032 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 30% | Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence. |
| 2033 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 30% | Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence. |
| 2034 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 30% | Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence. |
| 2035 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 35% | Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. |
| 2036 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 30% | Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence. |
| 2037 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 35% | Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. |
| 2038 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 35% | Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. |
| 2039 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 30% | Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence. |
| 2040 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 35% | Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. |
| 2041 | Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6 | 8 | 35% | Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior... |
Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
Soyuz-2-1A Союз-2.1а | LEO | 7,150 kg | 200 km | 51.7 deg | RKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page |
Soyuz-2-1A Союз-2.1а | LEO | 7,020 kg | 200 km | 51.8 deg | RKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page |
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat | LEO | 6,900 kg | Unknown | Unknown | Manual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity. |
Soyuz-2-1B Союз-2.1б | LEO | 6,900 kg | 200 km | 98.3 deg | RKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page |
Soyuz-2-1B Союз-2.1б | Polar | 6,900 kg | 200 km | 98.3 deg | RKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page |
Soyuz-2-1A Союз-2.1а | Polar | 5,900 kg | 200 km | 98.3 deg | RKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page |
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat | LEO | 5,900 kg | Unknown | Unknown | Manual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity. |
Soyuz-2-1A Союз-2.1а | LEO | 5,900 kg | 200 km | 98.3 deg | RKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page |
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat | SSO | 4,900 kg | 660 km | Unknown | Arianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018 |
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat | SSO | 4,450 kg | 660 km | Unknown | Arianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018 |
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat | GTO | 3,250 kg | Unknown | Unknown | Arianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1 |
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat | TLI | 1,800 kg | Unknown | Unknown | Arianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage |
Soyuz-2-1B Союз-2.1б | TLI | 1,500 kg | Unknown | Unknown | RKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page |
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat | TLI | 1,500 kg | Unknown | Unknown | Arianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage |
Soyuz-2-1B Союз-2.1б |
| Mar 23, 2026 |
| Progress MS-33 Mission | Soyuz-2-1A Союз-2.1а | Mar 22, 2026 |
| Kosmos-2600-2608? | Soyuz-2-1B Fregat | Feb 5, 2026 |
| Aist-2T No. 1/2 | Soyuz-2-1B Fregat | Dec 28, 2025 |
| Obzor-R No. 1 Mission | Soyuz-2-1A Союз-2.1а | Dec 25, 2025 |
Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.
| Mission | Variant | Announced |
|---|---|---|
No forecasted missionsNo upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family. | ||
| Active |
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat | Not stated | 59 | Active |
Soyuz-FG | Not stated | 60 | Retired |
Soyuz-FG Fregat | Not stated | 10 | Retired |
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat | Not stated | 9 | Retired |
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat | Not stated | 18 | Retired |
Soyuz-U | Not stated | 633 | Retired |
Soyuz-U2 | Not stated | 72 | Retired |
Soyuz-U-PVB | Not stated | 144 | Retired |
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat | Not stated | 4 | Retired |
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar | Not stated | 6 | Retired |
Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
MaiaSpace was awarded the right to redevelop the former Soyuz launch facility in September 2024.
MaiaSpace, local authorities in Kourou, and the French space agency CNES signed a Temporary Public Domain Occupancy Agreement for the former Soyuz launch facility at the Guiana Space Centre on 24 February.
The Temporary Public Domain Occupancy Agreement allows MaiaSpace to begin dismantling Soyuz-specific infrastructure and to start construction of modifications needed to launch Maia rockets from the site.
The Soyuz launch facility in French Guiana has been abandoned since 2022 after the European Space Agency cut ties with Russia following the invasion of Ukraine.
MaiaSpace expects to reuse up to 80% of the existing infrastructure at the former Soyuz site, including the integration building, railway, liquid oxygen storage and refueling facilities, and the flame trench.
MaiaSpace expects to host the inaugural flight of the Maia rocket from the former Soyuz facility in 2027.
Mike Fincke flew on Soyuz/Expedition 9 in 2004, Soyuz/Expedition 18 in 2009, and shuttle mission STS-134 in 2011.
A life-sized Soyuz model at Kourou is being used to test the rails that will carry MaiaSpace's rocket to its future launchpad.
Russia launched Soyuz rockets from the Kourou launch site in French Guiana between 2011 and 2022.
The Maia rocket launching system will have no use for the existing Soyuz gantry.
By the time the Soyuz MS-28 rocket launched, Jared Isaacman had been nominated by the White House to assume the role of NASA administrator.
The next crewed Soyuz mission is Soyuz MS-29 and it will carry Russian cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and Anna Kikina and NASA astronaut Anil Menon.
If Jared Isaacman attends the Soyuz MS-29 launch, he would be the first NASA administrator to witness a Soyuz launch in person since October 2018.
Jared Isaacman intends to attend the next crewed Soyuz launch to the International Space Station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome scheduled for the northern summer.
Jim Bridenstine attended the Soyuz MS-10 launch in October 2018, a mission that experienced an in-flight abort but whose crew survived after activating the launch escape system.
Sergei Kud-Sverchkov and Sergei Mikayev arrived at the International Space Station in a Soyuz spacecraft in November 2025 and have been on the orbital laboratory since then.
NASA astronaut Christopher Williams and Roskosmos cosmonauts Sergei Kud-Swertschkow and Sergej Mikajew have been aboard the ISS since arriving on a Soyuz spacecraft in November 2025.
A Soyuz-2.1b launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome deployed nine payloads.
The Russian Ministry of Defense conducted a successful launch of a Soyuz-2.1b launch vehicle from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome on February 6, 2026 at 21:59 Moscow Time (18:59 UTC).
The Soyuz-2.1b launched from Plesetsk was carrying spacecraft for the Russian Ministry of Defense.