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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1150
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

MaiaSpace was awarded the right to redevelop the former Soyuz launch facility in September 2024.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.0Mar 2, 2026MaiaSpace Pushes Inaugural Launch of Maia Rocket to 2027

MaiaSpace, local authorities in Kourou, and the French space agency CNES signed a Temporary Public Domain Occupancy Agreement for the former Soyuz launch facility at the Guiana Space Centre on 24 February.

Page11of58
RelationshipsLegalValue 4.5Mar 2, 2026MaiaSpace Pushes Inaugural Launch of Maia Rocket to 2027

The Temporary Public Domain Occupancy Agreement allows MaiaSpace to begin dismantling Soyuz-specific infrastructure and to start construction of modifications needed to launch Maia rockets from the site.

LegalPlanCapabilityValue 4.2Mar 2, 2026MaiaSpace Pushes Inaugural Launch of Maia Rocket to 2027

The Soyuz launch facility in French Guiana has been abandoned since 2022 after the European Space Agency cut ties with Russia following the invasion of Ukraine.

GeneralGovernanceLegalValue 3.6Mar 2, 2026MaiaSpace Pushes Inaugural Launch of Maia Rocket to 2027

MaiaSpace expects to reuse up to 80% of the existing infrastructure at the former Soyuz site, including the integration building, railway, liquid oxygen storage and refueling facilities, and the flame trench.

CapabilityPlanGeneralValue 4.2Mar 2, 2026MaiaSpace Pushes Inaugural Launch of Maia Rocket to 2027

MaiaSpace expects to host the inaugural flight of the Maia rocket from the former Soyuz facility in 2027.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 2, 2026MaiaSpace Pushes Inaugural Launch of Maia Rocket to 2027

Mike Fincke flew on Soyuz/Expedition 9 in 2004, Soyuz/Expedition 18 in 2009, and shuttle mission STS-134 in 2011.

GeneralValue 2.6Feb 26, 2026“The right call”: Mike Fincke on the medical issue that cut his mission short

A life-sized Soyuz model at Kourou is being used to test the rails that will carry MaiaSpace's rocket to its future launchpad.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Feb 19, 2026Russian era ends at abandoned launchpad in South American jungle

Russia launched Soyuz rockets from the Kourou launch site in French Guiana between 2011 and 2022.

GeneralValue 2.0Feb 19, 2026Russian era ends at abandoned launchpad in South American jungle

The Maia rocket launching system will have no use for the existing Soyuz gantry.

PlanCapabilityValue 3.7Feb 19, 2026Russian era ends at abandoned launchpad in South American jungle

By the time the Soyuz MS-28 rocket launched, Jared Isaacman had been nominated by the White House to assume the role of NASA administrator.

GovernanceGeneralValue 3.6Feb 17, 2026Isaacman planea asistir al despegue de una Soyuz y retomar el diálogo con Roscosmos

The next crewed Soyuz mission is Soyuz MS-29 and it will carry Russian cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and Anna Kikina and NASA astronaut Anil Menon.

PlanGovernanceValue 4.2Feb 17, 2026Isaacman planea asistir al despegue de una Soyuz y retomar el diálogo con Roscosmos

If Jared Isaacman attends the Soyuz MS-29 launch, he would be the first NASA administrator to witness a Soyuz launch in person since October 2018.

GovernanceGeneralValue 2.0Feb 17, 2026Isaacman planea asistir al despegue de una Soyuz y retomar el diálogo con Roscosmos

Jared Isaacman intends to attend the next crewed Soyuz launch to the International Space Station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome scheduled for the northern summer.

PlanValue 3.6Feb 17, 2026Isaacman planea asistir al despegue de una Soyuz y retomar el diálogo con Roscosmos

Jim Bridenstine attended the Soyuz MS-10 launch in October 2018, a mission that experienced an in-flight abort but whose crew survived after activating the launch escape system.

GeneralValue 4.0Feb 17, 2026Isaacman planea asistir al despegue de una Soyuz y retomar el diálogo con Roscosmos

Sergei Kud-Sverchkov and Sergei Mikayev arrived at the International Space Station in a Soyuz spacecraft in November 2025 and have been on the orbital laboratory since then.

GeneralPlanValue 4.0Feb 17, 2026Arranca en la ISS la misión εpsilon con la astronauta francesa Sophie Adenot

NASA astronaut Christopher Williams and Roskosmos cosmonauts Sergei Kud-Swertschkow and Sergej Mikajew have been aboard the ISS since arriving on a Soyuz spacecraft in November 2025.

GeneralValue 4.0Feb 16, 2026Europäische εpsilon-Mission auf der ISS hat begonnen

A Soyuz-2.1b launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome deployed nine payloads.

GeneralPlanValue 4.0Feb 7, 20269 payloads from this launch

The Russian Ministry of Defense conducted a successful launch of a Soyuz-2.1b launch vehicle from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome on February 6, 2026 at 21:59 Moscow Time (18:59 UTC).

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 6, 2026Video of yesterday's Soyuz-2.1b launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome

The Soyuz-2.1b launched from Plesetsk was carrying spacecraft for the Russian Ministry of Defense.

GeneralPlanValue 4.0Feb 6, 2026Video of yesterday's Soyuz-2.1b launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome