Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.
Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.
| Year | Historical missions | Forecast launches |
|---|---|---|
| 1958 | 4 | 0 |
| 1959 | 4 | 0 |
| 1960 | 2 | 0 |
| 1961 | 3 | 0 |
Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.
| Variant | Orbit | Capacity | Altitude | Inclination | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No performance specsNo structured payload capacity rows are linked to this vehicle family. | |||||
Latest launched missions using variants in this family.
| Mission | Variant | Launch |
|---|---|---|
| Launch 1961-F04 | Juno II | May 24, 1961 |
| Explorer 11 | Juno II | Apr 27, 1961 |
| Launch 1961-F01 | Juno II | Feb 25, 1961 |
| Explorer 8 |
Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.
| Variant | Stages | Missions | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
Juno II | Not stated | 10 | Retired |
Jupiter C | Not stated | 3 | Retired |
Juno II |
| Nov 3, 1960 |
| Launch 1960-F04 | Juno II | Mar 23, 1960 |
| Explorer 7 | Juno II | Oct 13, 1959 |
| Launch 1959-F07 | Juno II | Aug 15, 1959 |
| Launch 1959-F05 | Juno II | Jul 16, 1959 |
Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.
| Mission | Variant | Announced |
|---|---|---|
No forecasted missionsNo upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family. | ||
Similar inverted V electron spectra have been observed at Jupiter by NASA’s Juno spacecraft, linking Jupiter’s powerful auroras to comparable acceleration signatures.
Shifting Jupiter's measured radius by a few kilometers improves the agreement between interior models and both gravity and atmospheric measurements.
The new analysis indicates Jupiter's polar diameter is about 24 kilometers smaller than previous estimates.
The Juno mission extension approved in 2021 placed Juno on a new trajectory that produced occultation opportunities behind Jupiter from Earth's perspective.
When Juno passed behind Jupiter from Earth's perspective, the spacecraft's radio signal was blocked and bent by Jupiter's atmosphere.
By tracking how Juno's radio signals bent through Jupiter's atmosphere, the researchers reconstructed temperature and density profiles used to map Jupiter's size and shape.
JUICE carries a Weizmann-designed instrument that will probe Jupiter's atmosphere more deeply.
PhD student Maayan Ziv used advanced interior density models to test how the updated shape brings simulated Jupiter interiors into closer agreement with measurements.
NASA's Voyager and Pioneer missions provided six radio-beam measurements used to infer Jupiter's shape almost five decades ago.
The Weizmann Institute research group led by senior staff scientist Eli Galanti converted Juno radio occultation events into a refined global figure for Jupiter.
Kaspi and former group member Nimrod Gavriel used Juno observations of polar cyclone motion to estimate how far Jupiter's polar cyclones extend into the planet's interior.
Instruments during the observations will be pointed at Jupiter and the principal stars of the constellation Orion.
Gaia-6 B is a brown dwarf with a mass of about 20 times that of Jupiter.
The traditional mass threshold between giant planets and brown dwarfs is 13 Jupiter masses, above which deuterium fusion can occur.
SpaceX is planning its IPO for the June 8-9 conjunction of Jupiter and Venus, the first such conjunction in more than three years.
Long‑term (23rd century and beyond) scenarios include autonomous cities on Mars housing 10,000–100,000 people, colonies on Callisto, Ganymede, and Titan with sealed habitats, large orbital colonies between Mars and Jupiter, and automated mining and manufacturing on asteroids and moons.
The new BepiColombo observations enable systematic comparative studies of auroral and radiation processes at multiple planets, including Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
Beginning in 2031, NASA's Europa Clipper mission and the European Space Agency's JUICE mission will explore Jupiter's large moons in detail.
Europa Clipper and JUICE will examine the interiors, surfaces, and space environments of Jupiter's large moons and probe plume activity and isotopic fingerprints of water in material erupting from Europa's icy shell.
The study attributes the compositional contrast between Io and Europa to spatial variations in temperature and chemistry within Jupiter's circumplanetary disk rather than to long-term volatile loss.