Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.
Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.
| Year | Historical missions | Forecast launches |
|---|---|---|
| 1958 | 4 | 0 |
| 1959 | 4 | 0 |
| 1960 | 2 | 0 |
| 1961 | 3 | 0 |
Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.
| Variant | Orbit | Capacity | Altitude | Inclination | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No performance specsNo structured payload capacity rows are linked to this vehicle family. | |||||
Latest launched missions using variants in this family.
| Mission | Variant | Launch |
|---|---|---|
| Launch 1961-F04 | Juno II | May 24, 1961 |
| Explorer 11 | Juno II | Apr 27, 1961 |
| Launch 1961-F01 | Juno II | Feb 25, 1961 |
| Explorer 8 |
Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.
| Variant | Stages | Missions | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
Juno II | Not stated | 10 | Retired |
Jupiter C | Not stated | 3 | Retired |
Juno II |
| Nov 3, 1960 |
| Launch 1960-F04 | Juno II | Mar 23, 1960 |
| Explorer 7 | Juno II | Oct 13, 1959 |
| Launch 1959-F07 | Juno II | Aug 15, 1959 |
| Launch 1959-F05 | Juno II | Jul 16, 1959 |
Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.
| Mission | Variant | Announced |
|---|---|---|
No forecasted missionsNo upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family. | ||
The article states that Europa requires deep shielding or subsurface habitats because Jupiter’s radiation bombards its surface with high-energy particles.
Program 989 satellites were later renamed the Jupiter Program and given a unique seal.
The proposed missions would launch on Long March 5 (CZ-5) rockets and use Jupiter gravity assists.
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Juno has been orbiting Jupiter since 2016.
NASA began the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) program in 2002.
The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter was a planned nuclear-powered spacecraft intended to use a reactor and high-power electric propulsion to reach and orbit Jupiter and to visit Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.
A JIMO launch architecture planned in 2004 anticipated launches in 2015 and spacecraft arrival at Jupiter in 2021.
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The Jet Propulsion Laboratory studied an 'Electric Space Cruiser' concept for missions to Jupiter and beyond in 1963.
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Michela Muñoz cited Juno as an example of technological advances from exploration, noting that Juno took five years to reach Jupiter and became the first solar-powered spacecraft to operate at that distance.
Professor Zhonghua Yao leads a space and planetary science team at the University of Hong Kong with expertise in the magnetospheric environments of Jupiter and Saturn.