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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
Admin
Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy will launch to the International Space Station on 2020-04-09 on a Soyuz spacecraft and will enter quarantine two weeks before launch.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 20, 2020Coronavirus pauses work on JWST

Roscosmos approved the primary crew for the next Soyuz mission on 2020-03-13, consisting of astronaut Chris Cassidy and cosmonauts Anatoly Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner.

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PlanGovernanceValue 3.0Mar 13, 2020Russian crew swap should not impact next ISS mission

The approved primary crew is scheduled to launch to the International Space Station on Soyuz MS-16 on 2020-04-09.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 13, 2020Russian crew swap should not impact next ISS mission

Nick Hague launched on a second Soyuz mission to the International Space Station in March 2019 with Alexey Ovchinin and NASA astronaut Christina Koch.

PlanValue 4.0Mar 1, 2020‘Gravity is a shockingly strong force’: Astronauts Nick Hague and Anne McClain talk about life after their space station missions

NASA astronaut Nick Hague launched on Soyuz MS-10 in October 2018 with Russian cosmonaut Alexey Ovchinin.

GeneralValue 4.0Mar 1, 2020‘Gravity is a shockingly strong force’: Astronauts Nick Hague and Anne McClain talk about life after their space station missions

NASA planned to negotiate with Roscosmos for additional Soyuz seats in case commercial crew providers could not enter service in 2020.

PlanRelationshipsValue 3.8Feb 26, 202020 space industry predictions for 2020

OneWeb launched 34 small broadband satellites on a Soyuz rocket in February 2019 as the start of regular launch campaigns toward an initial constellation of 650 satellites.

PlanCapabilityGrowthValue 4.0Feb 26, 202020 space industry predictions for 2020

Astroscale contracted with Glavkosmos to launch ELSA-d on a Soyuz mission slated for the second half of the year.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.0Feb 12, 2020Astroscale wins first half of JAXA debris-removal mission

The 34 satellites on the Soyuz launch will join six French-built OneWeb satellites launched the previous February.

GeneralPlanValue 3.0Feb 6, 2020OneWeb plans April launch break to tweak satellite design

The Soyuz upper stage used a dispenser supplied by Ruag Space to release the satellites at 450 km.

CapabilityRelationshipsValue 4.0Feb 6, 2020OneWeb’s first large batch of satellites launch on Arianespace Soyuz rocket

A Soyuz launch provided by Arianespace carrying 34 OneWeb satellites was scheduled to lift off from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 4:42 p.m. EST.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 6, 2020OneWeb plans April launch break to tweak satellite design

The number of OneWeb satellites launched per Soyuz mission depends on the launch site: launches from French Guiana or Kazakhstan carry 34 satellites while launches from Vostochny Cosmodrome carry 36 satellites.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Feb 6, 2020OneWeb plans April launch break to tweak satellite design

Arianespace is launching the majority of OneWeb’s first-generation constellation using Soyuz rockets from Europe’s Guiana Space Center and Russia’s Baikonur and Vostochny Cosmodromes.

RelationshipsPlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 6, 2020OneWeb’s first large batch of satellites launch on Arianespace Soyuz rocket

Counting the February launch, OneWeb plans to conduct a total of 17 or 18 Soyuz launches and one Ariane 6 launch with Arianespace to orbit 588 satellites before the end of next year.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 6, 2020OneWeb’s first large batch of satellites launch on Arianespace Soyuz rocket

A Soyuz rocket launched 34 small broadband satellites for OneWeb from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Feb 6, 2020OneWeb’s first large batch of satellites launch on Arianespace Soyuz rocket

Reaching 588 satellites is expected to require 17 or 18 more Soyuz launches plus one Ariane 6 mission.

PlanGrowthValue 4.0Feb 6, 2020OneWeb plans April launch break to tweak satellite design

Momentus will deploy a SteamJet 1.5-unit cubesat on its Vigoride demonstration mission scheduled to launch later 2020 on a Russian Soyuz rocket.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.2Feb 4, 2020Momentus announces customers for in-space shuttle service

AAC Clyde Space built NSLSat-1, which launched last year on a Soyuz rocket.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Jan 29, 2020GMV providing ground infrastructure for Space Norway satellites • AAC Clyde wins cubesat order

OneWeb has secured rides to orbit for roughly 720 satellites with Arianespace on 20 Soyuz rockets and the inaugural flight of the Ariane 6 planned for late 2020.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.0Jan 27, 2020OneWeb, U.S. senator, urge FCC to act on 2018 request for 1,260 more satellites

The Falcon Eye 2 mission will be Arianespace’s first Soyuz launch of the year and will take place from Europe’s spaceport in French Guiana.

PlanGeneralValue 3.6Jan 13, 2020UAE’s Falcon Eye 2 satellite switched from Vega to Soyuz