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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Soyuz

Союз

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

Progress Rocket Space CenterActive
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Variants
14
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
1,120
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
8,320 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
2019160
2020150
2021210
2022170
2023150
2024140
2025120
202668
202708
202808
202908
203008
203108
203208
203308
203408
203508

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,320 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO8,200 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
Progress MS-34 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Apr 25, 2026
Kosmos-2609/2612?
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Apr 16, 2026
Meridian No. 21L?
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Apr 3, 2026
Rassvet-3 G1

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Not stated57Active
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
Not stated23Active
Soyuz-2-1A Volga
Not stated1Retired
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Not stated24
203608
203708
203808
203908
204008
204108

Forecast Location Split

1 launch location represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2027Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2028Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2029Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2030Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2031Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2032Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2033Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2034Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2035Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2036Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2037Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2038Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2039Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6830%Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.
2040Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.
2041Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6835%Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability. Site-year coverage backfill copied nearest prior...
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2026 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2027 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2028 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2029 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2030 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2031 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,150 kg200 km51.7 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO7,020 kg200 km51.8 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
LEO6,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1B family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
LEO6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Polar6,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Polar5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
LEO5,900 kgUnknownUnknownManual variant fallback from Soyuz-2-1A family capacity.
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
LEO5,900 kg200 km98.3 degRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
SSO4,900 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
SSO4,450 kg660 kmUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User's Manual Issue 2.1, May 2018
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
GTO3,250 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual Issue 2.1
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
TLI1,800 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat lunar mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownRKTs Progress Soyuz-2 page
Soyuz-2-1A Fregat
TLI1,500 kgUnknownUnknownArianespace Soyuz CSG User Manual; Soyuz/Fregat high-energy mission heritage
Soyuz-2-1B
Союз-2.1б
Mar 23, 2026
Progress MS-33 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Mar 22, 2026
Kosmos-2600-2608?
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Feb 5, 2026
Aist-2T No. 1/2
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Dec 28, 2025
Obzor-R No. 1 Mission
Soyuz-2-1A
Союз-2.1а
Dec 25, 2025

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Active
Soyuz-2-1B Fregat
Not stated59Active
Soyuz-FG
Not stated60Retired
Soyuz-FG Fregat
Not stated10Retired
Soyuz-ST-A Fregat
Not stated9Retired
Soyuz-ST-B Fregat
Not stated18Retired
Soyuz-U
Not stated633Retired
Soyuz-U2
Not stated72Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB
Not stated144Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Fregat
Not stated4Retired
Soyuz-U-PVB Ikar
Not stated6Retired
Track
Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2032 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2033 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2034 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2035 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active crew/cargo and payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2036 · 30% confidence
8

Editable low-confidence Soyuz-2/Fregat variant annual throughput default inherited from Soyuz-2 family cadence.

Baikonur Cosmodrome | Site 31/6
2037 · 35% confidence
8

Soyuz-2 active payload variant; conservative annual rate below historical Soyuz-family ability.

Mentions
1153
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

The contract provides nearly €300 million ($365,000,000) to build two second-generation Cosmo-SkyMed satellites scheduled to launch in early 2024 and early 2025, likely aboard a Vega C or Soyuz rocket.

RelationshipsPlanFinancialCapabilityValue 5.0
Page42of58
Dec 16, 2020
Italy orders second pair of Cosmo-SkyMed radar satellites

NASA had targeted the Crew-2 launch for as soon as late 2021-03-01 but scheduling OFT-2 for 2021-03-29 could move Crew-2 later in the spring to avoid conflicts with OFT-2 and a Soyuz mission planned for 2021-04-01.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Dec 11, 2020Next Starliner test flight scheduled for late March

After first and second stage integration, the Soyuz will receive its centerline third stage, enabling rollout to the ELS launch pad near Sinnamary where it will be raised to the vertical position to receive the Fregat upper stage and the payload.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Dec 11, 2020Arianespace Flight VS25 Taking Shape Within Integration Center

Soyuz is operated side-by-side at the Spaceport with Arianespace's Ariane 5 and Vega launch vehicles.

GeneralCapabilityValue 3.4Dec 11, 2020Arianespace Flight VS25 Taking Shape Within Integration Center

This Soyuz vehicle will be used for the 25th Spaceport mission with Soyuz since the launcher's introduction at the equatorial base in 2011.

GeneralPlanValue 3.4Dec 11, 2020Arianespace Flight VS25 Taking Shape Within Integration Center

Vega is the new-generation, highly versatile member of Arianespace’s launcher family alongside the heavy-lift Ariane 5 and medium-lift Soyuz, deployed from the Guiana Space Center.

CapabilityGeneralValue 3.0Dec 8, 2020Airbus + CNES Developed CO3D Constellation Launch To Be Handled By Arianespace

OneWeb emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy prior to the planned 2020-12-17 Soyuz launch from Vostochny.

LegalPlanValue 3.6Dec 1, 2020Soyuz launches Falcon Eye 2 satellite for UAE

Soyuz Flight VS24 lifted off from the Guiana Space Center at 10:33 p.m. local time on 2020-12-01 (01:33 UTC on 2020-12-01).

PlanGeneralValue 3.5Dec 1, 2020Success for Soyuz Flight VS24 and United Arab Emirates

Arianespace performed two previous Soyuz launches in 2020 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in February and March.

PlanGeneralValue 3.0Dec 1, 2020Success for Soyuz Flight VS24 and United Arab Emirates

Two additional Soyuz launches were planned before the end of 2020: Flight ST29 from Vostochny for OneWeb and Flight VS25 from the Guiana Space Center.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Dec 1, 2020Success for Soyuz Flight VS24 and United Arab Emirates

Arianespace will launch a set of OneWeb satellites on a Soyuz from the Vostochny Cosmodrome on 2020-12-17.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Dec 1, 2020Soyuz launches Falcon Eye 2 satellite for UAE

An Arianespace Soyuz ST-A rocket launched the Falcon Eye 2 reconnaissance satellite for the United Arab Emirates on 2020-12-01.

GeneralPlanValue 4.5Dec 1, 2020Soyuz launches Falcon Eye 2 satellite for UAE

Astroscale’s ELSA-d mission will launch on a Soyuz rocket operated by GK Launch Services from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan in March 2021.

PlanValue 4.0Nov 30, 2020Astroscale’s ELSA-d Mission To Launch In March of 2021

On 2020-11-11, Axelspace planned to send four satellites into sun-synchronous orbit in March on a Soyuz-2 rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan.

PlanValue 4.0Nov 27, 2020Axelspace prepares to expand Earth-observation constellation

OneWeb anticipates completing its initial 650-satellite constellation in 2022 using 16 Soyuz launches it has under contract with Arianespace.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Nov 19, 2020OneWeb ready to emerge from Chapter 11

The 36 satellites will launch on a Soyuz rocket in December under a revised launch contract with Arianespace announced in September.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Nov 19, 2020OneWeb ready to emerge from Chapter 11

Astroscale plans to launch the End-of-Life Services by Astroscale-demonstration (ELSA-d) mission in March 2021 on a Soyuz rocket operated by GK Launch Services from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.5Nov 18, 2020Astroscale announces 2021 Soyuz launch of ELSA-d mission

Astroscale’s ELSA-d mission will launch on a Soyuz rocket operated by GK Launch Services from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan in March 2021.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 4.0Nov 18, 2020Astroscale’s End-Of-Life Services Satellite, ELSA-D, To Launch In March Of 2021

Astroscale will launch the ELSA-d mission on a Soyuz rocket operated by GK Launch Services from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, in March 2021.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Nov 18, 2020Astroscale Announces March 2021 Launch Date for World’s First Commercial Active Debris Removal Demonstration Mission

OneWeb plans to resume launches in December 2020 after placing launches on hold following a pair of Soyuz launches in February and March 2020.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Oct 28, 2020FCC approves OneWeb sale as Starlink begins public beta