中国运载火箭技术研究院
The China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT), established in 1957, is China's primary state-owned manufacturer of space launch vehicles and a major launch service provider. A subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), CALT is responsible for the design, development, manufacture, and testing of the Long March family of rockets, which are crucial to China's civilian and military space programs. CALT is also developing new-generation launch vehicles like the Long March-10 and Long March-9 for future lunar and Mars missions.
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Both SAST and CALT produce Long March launch vehicles and provide different launch capabilities while creating a level of competition within CASC.
CALT manufactures the kerosene-liquid oxygen Long March 5 and Long March 7 rockets and is developing the kerolox super heavy-lift Long March 9.
The proposed SAST launch vehicles would provide a development path for new Chinese launch capabilities separate from those being developed by the Beijing-based China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT).
CASC may be seeking to use the Long March 7A more often for launches to geosynchronous transfer orbit rather than relying mainly on the Long March 3B.
CASC planned more than 50 launches in 2022 and is gearing up to launch the third and final module for the Tiangong space station.
CASC is developing a new, wider 5.2-meter-diameter payload fairing to improve the Long March 7A rocket’s adaptability.
CASC planned more than 50 launches across 2022 and had recently begun the launch campaign for the third and final Tiangong space station module.
The China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology is developing the Long March 8 for reusability and plans for its super heavy-lift crew rocket and the Long March 9 to eventually be made reusable.
The CASC spaceplane project was unveiled in 2017 when senior CALT official Chen Hongbo presented plans for an under-development reusable spacecraft slated for testing in 2020 and ultimately capable of carrying both crew and payloads.
CALT announced completion of structural tests related to the CZ5DY earlier 2022-08 and tested titanium engine components for the launcher in April.
CALT plans for its first reusable rocket, thought to be the Long March 8, to complete relevant flight tests within China’s 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021–2025).
The Lijian-1 is similar in capabilities to the Jielong-3 (Smart Dragon-3) rocket developed by China Rocket, a spinoff from the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT).
CALT established a nearby final assembly and test base that supported a Long March 11 sea launch in May.
Expace is part of CASIC’s plans to develop commercial projects including launch services, constellations, and a reusable spaceplane separate from a CASC-led initiative.
CASIC, a state-owned defense contractor separate from CASC, is developing a series of solid rockets for orbital launches and has established infrastructure at Jiuquan for launches of Kuaizhou-1A and Kuaizhou-11 using transport erector launchers rather than a launch pad and service structure.
A senior official from the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology presented a plan for using a reusable Long March 9 super-heavy launch vehicle to construct a space-based power station in geostationary orbit.
Geespace and China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC) of CASC signed an agreement for Long March launch services in September 2021.
CASC is planning more than 50 launches in 2022, including six space station-related missions.
China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) operates the Long March 11 from inland sites and from a sea platform.
China Rocket, a CASC spinoff, has launched one Jielong-1 ("Smart Dragon") rocket and plans to launch the larger Jielong-3 in the second half of 2022.