भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is India's national space agency, responsible for space-based operations, exploration, and the development of related technologies. As a key part of the Department of Space, ISRO designs and develops launch vehicles and satellites, including the INSAT series for communication and the IRS system for remote sensing. ISRO operates launch facilities like the Satish Dhawan Space Centre and collaborates with international partners such as NASA and CNES. ISRO's work enables services like telecommunications, broadcasting, weather forecasting, resource monitoring, and navigation. Key words: space agency, satellites, launch vehicles, exploration, remote sensing, communication.
All verified mentions of this organization in source documents.
NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) is an Indian government arm tasked with commercializing ISRO’s space technologies.
ISRO will provide commercial ground tracking support for Intuitive Machines’ second CLPS Moon landing mission, IM-2.
NSIL's annual report notes that ISRO provided commercial ground tracking support for a lunar mission by another country in 2023.
ISRO has publicly known cooperation arrangements with JAXA and Roscosmos.
ISRO has publicly known cooperation arrangements with JAXA and Roscosmos but not with ispace Japan.
NSIL's annual report states that ISRO provided commercial ground tracking support for a lunar mission in 2023.
Multiple ISRO sources and a program lead at ISTRAC indicate that Intuitive Machines commercially used ISRO's ground tracking support for IM-1.
ISRO successfully achieved the docking of the two satellites on January 16, making India the fourth country to possess this capability.
ISRO is using SPADEX docking experiments to reduce risk for its upcoming Gaganyaan human spaceflight missions, including an end-of-decade cargo flight to the International Space Station and a cargo flight to India’s first space station module.
ISRO plans to launch its next Moon mission, Chandrayaan-4, by 2027, which will utilize mastered docking technology.
On January 16, 2026 ISRO docked and controlled two twin satellites in circular low Earth orbit as part of the SPADEX (space docking experiment) mission.
ISRO's docking mechanism is patented.
ISRO rescheduled the docking process from January 7 to January 9 due to the need for further validation after a ground simulation identified an abort scenario.
ISRO succeeded in controlling the joined satellites as a single unit after successful docking.
The distance between the satellites was reduced to three meters before ISRO decided to gather more data rather than proceed with immediate docking.
ISRO began the concept of docking development in the 1980s and accelerated it around 2016 in anticipation of future projects.
On December 30, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched its PSLV-C60 mission.
ISRO developed various technologies for space docking, including inter-satellite communication links and a GNSS-based Novel Relative Orbit Determination and Propagation (RODP) processor.
The expected lifetime of the satellites is around two years, during which ISRO plans to perform undocking and potentially additional docking attempts.
ISRO is using the $14 million SPADEX mission, excluding launch cost, as practice before launching the more complex Chandrayaan 4 lunar sample-return mission.