Shell, primarily known as a global energy company, plays a role in the space industry through its Shell Aviation division. Shell Aviation supplies aviation fuel, including sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), and lubricants to airlines and other aviation customers. They partner with companies like Air Europa and Rolls-Royce to promote SAF use and decarbonization efforts within the aviation sector. Shell also utilizes satellite imagery for geological and environmental mapping to support its exploration and production activities.
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Under gravity, denser, salt-rich surface ice on Europa can sink into the shell interior in a delamination-like process, potentially carrying surface-generated oxidants and nutrients toward the ocean.
Instruments on NASA's Europa Clipper are designed to probe ice shell thickness, internal structure, composition, and geological activity relevant to testing the proposed delamination mechanism.
The targeted sun-synchronous orbital shell at approximately 650 kilometers contains high concentrations of defunct satellites and rocket stages.
The density of debris in the targeted sun-synchronous orbital shell raises concerns about Kessler Syndrome, a runaway chain reaction of collisions.
The petitions challenge SpaceX's request for authorization to deploy an additional 15,000 satellites in a new Very Low Earth Orbit shell at approximately 330 kilometers.
Lowering the shell ensures that spacecraft will clear the orbit rapidly in the event of a bus failure.
Lowering the operational shell to 480 km will reduce the ballistic decay time by more than 80% during solar minimum.
The FCC Space Bureau has designated SpaceX’s modification application for a new 15,000-satellite Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) shell as acceptable for filing.
The ESA plans to send a spacecraft to Saturn's moon Enceladus, which may have a liquid ocean under its icy shell that could support life.
Titania's geology could be the result of a period of ice shell thinning followed by re-thickening.
Thermal data can be used to independently estimate ice shell thickness at Enceladus.
NASA's Europa Clipper mission, launching in 2024, will explore the ice shell and ocean of Europa, which is the fourth largest of Jupiter's 95 moons.
The China National Space Administration shared a new image of Tianwen-2 captured by an onboard camera, which shows the atmospheric reentry shell where samples will be stored.
Lockheed Martin teams in Denver have advanced the construction of Dragonfly's aeroshell, completing fabrication and thermal testing of its heat shield and back shell.
The heat shield and back shell will protect Dragonfly during intense atmospheric entry into Titan's atmosphere.
The IRIS² system will include 10 or more satellites in a LEO Low shell between 400 and 750 km intended to support incubation of future technologies.
The IRIS² constellation will require 13 Ariane 64 launches, with 10 launches allocated for the LEO High shell and 3 launches for the MEO shell.
The IRIS² LEO High shell at about 1,200 km will include 264 satellites providing Ku- and Ka-band services.
Eighteen IRIS² satellites will operate in a medium Earth orbit shell at an altitude of 8,0 m providing Ka-band services.
The payload fairing (PLF) used on the Delta IV is a metallic three-piece shell that is 5 m in diameter and 19.8 m (19.8 m) long.