Hague’s International Court of Arbitration

The Hague’s International Court of Arbitration, officially known as the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), is an intergovernmental organization established in 1899 and headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands. Unlike a traditional court, the PCA provides administrative support for international arbitrations involving states, international organizations, and private parties. Recognizing the growing importance of space-related activities, the PCA introduced Optional Rules for Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Outer Space Activities in 2011, offering a framework for resolving conflicts in the space sector. The PCA also maintains a list of experts with space expertise who can act as arbitrators.