Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.
Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.
| Year | Historical missions | Forecast launches |
|---|---|---|
| 1968 | 1 | 0 |
| 1969 | 1 | 0 |
| 1970 | 1 | 0 |
| 1971 | 1 | 0 |
Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.
| Variant | Orbit | Capacity | Altitude | Inclination | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No performance specsNo structured payload capacity rows are linked to this vehicle family. | |||||
Latest launched missions using variants in this family.
| Mission | Variant | Launch |
|---|---|---|
| Launch 1971-F10 | Europa II | Nov 5, 1971 |
| Launch 1970-U02 | Europa I | Jun 12, 1970 |
| Launch 1969-F09 | Europa I | Jul 2, 1969 |
| Launch 1968-F09 |
Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.
| Variant | Stages | Missions | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
Europa I | Not stated | 3 | Retired |
Europa II | Not stated | 1 | Retired |
Europa I |
| Nov 29, 1968 |
Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.
| Mission | Variant | Announced |
|---|---|---|
No forecasted missionsNo upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family. | ||
Delamination of salt-laden surface ice could provide a sustained conveyor for delivering nutrients into Europa's subsurface ocean.
Europa holds more liquid water beneath its frozen shell than all of Earth's oceans combined.
If salt-driven delamination operates across many regions of Europa's shell, it would represent an efficient, continuous pathway to recycle surface material into the subsurface ocean.
Washington State University researchers Catherine Cooper and Austin Green adapted the Earth process of crustal delamination to explain material transport in Europa's ice shell.
Green and Cooper used computer models to test whether salty, nutrient-bearing ice could descend through Europa's ice shell and how far it could travel.
Under gravity, denser, salt-rich surface ice on Europa can sink into the shell interior in a delamination-like process, potentially carrying surface-generated oxidants and nutrients toward the ocean.
Jupiter's radiation constantly bombards Europa's surface and reacts with salts and other materials to create oxidants and other nutrients.
The UVS instrument on Europa Clipper records ultraviolet light to determine the composition of Europa's atmosphere and surface ices.
Europa Clipper will conduct 49 close flybys of the icy moon Europa to study its potential habitability.
Europa-UVS detected oxygen, hydrogen, and dust-related spectral features in the ultraviolet data of 3I/ATLAS.
The same ultraviolet techniques used to study Europa's atmosphere are being applied to investigate materials beyond the solar system.
One imaging spectrometer is en route to Europa to search for chemical ingredients needed to support life.
Anders Fogh Rasmussen ha delineato tre sfide immediate per l’Europa nello spazio.
Telespazio Ibérica colabora con la Guardia Civil, proporcionando internet satelital a una flota de 20 patrulleras que operan entre Europa y el norte de África.
El hardware del ESM-4 fue desarrollado por Airbus Defence and Space y sus subcontratistas en toda Europa.
La adjudicación a Hisdesat sitúa a España en un estadio avanzado en Europa en materia de autonomía y soberanía tecnológica espacial.
Las iniciativas forman parte del programa ReArm Europe de la Unión Europea, que busca movilizar 800,000 millones de euros para fortalecer las capacidades de defensa soberanas de Europa.
NASA's Europa Clipper mission, launching in 2024, will explore the ice shell and ocean of Europa, which is the fourth largest of Jupiter's 95 moons.
Europa Clipper is traveling 1.8 billion miles to reach Jupiter by 2030 and will conduct 49 close flybys of Europa to assess below-surface habitability.
Europa debe desarrollar un lanzador de cohetes reutilizable rápidamente para competir con SpaceX.