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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Vulcan

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

United Launch Alliance (ULA)Active
Admin
Variants
6
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
4
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
27,200 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
202420
202510
2026114
2027019
2028023
2029025
2030025
2031025
2032025
2033025
2034025
2035025
2036025
2037025
2038025
2039025
2040025

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Vulcan Centaur VC4L
LEO27,200 kgUnknownUnknownManual Vulcan VC4L fallback from nearby Vulcan Centaur performance profile.
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
LEO27,200 kgUnknownUnknownULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
LEO27,200 kg200 km

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
USSF-87
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
Feb 12, 2026
USSF-106
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
Aug 13, 2025
CERT-2
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
Oct 4, 2024
Peregrine

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Vulcan Centaur VC2L
Not stated0Active
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
Not stated2Active
Vulcan Centaur VC4L
Not stated0Active
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
Not stated2Active
2041025

Forecast Location Split

2 launch locations represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1065%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2026Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)450%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2027Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1365%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2027Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)650%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2028Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1565%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2028Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)850%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2029Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2029Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2030Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2030Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2031Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2031Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2032Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2032Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2033Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2033Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2034Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2034Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2035Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2035Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2036Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2036Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2037Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2037Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2026 · 65% confidence
10

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2026 · 50% confidence
4

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2027 · 65% confidence
13

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2027 · 50% confidence
6

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2028 · 65% confidence
15

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

28.7 deg
ULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
LEO27,200 kg200 km28.7 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
LEO25,600 kg407 km51.6 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
Polar23,900 kg200 km90 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
Polar23,900 kg200 km90 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
SSO22,300 kg555 km98.75 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC2L
LEO19,000 kg200 km28.7 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC4L
SSO18,500 kg555 km98.75 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
LEO16,300 kg407 km51.6 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC2L
LEO16,300 kg407 km51.6 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide / public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC2L
Polar15,200 kg200 km90 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
GTO14,500 kgUnknown27 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
SSO14,400 kg555 km98.75 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
GTO14,400 kgUnknown27 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
GTO12,000 kgUnknown19.2 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
GTO11,600 kgUnknown27 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
TLI11,500 kgUnknownUnknownULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
TLI11,300 kgUnknownUnknownULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
HEO10,600 kgUnknown63.4 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
GTO9,500 kgUnknown19.2 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC4L
GTO9,500 kgUnknownUnknownManual Vulcan VC4L fallback from nearby Vulcan Centaur performance profile.
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
TLI9,100 kgUnknownUnknownULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
HEO8,900 kgUnknown63.4 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC2L
GTO8,400 kgUnknown27 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
GTO8,300 kgUnknown27 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
MEO8,100 kg20,368 km55 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
MEO7,900 kg20,368 km55 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
escape7,600 kgUnknownUnknownULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
Jan 8, 2024

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Vulcan Centaur VC6L
Not stated0Active
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
Not stated0Active
Track
Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2028 · 50% confidence
8

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2029 · 65% confidence
16

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2029 · 50% confidence
9

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2030 · 65% confidence
16

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2030 · 50% confidence
9

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2031 · 65% confidence
16

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2031 · 50% confidence
9

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Mentions
574
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

Northrop Grumman will provide GEM 63XL rocket motors to help boost United Launch Alliance’s Vulcan rocket, which is scheduled for a first launch later 2023.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.5Sep 10, 2023Northrop Grumman’s GEM solid rocket motors help to power ULA’s successful NROL-107 launch
Page18of29

The KuiperSat launches follow delays with the debut flight of ULA’s Vulcan Centaur rocket earlier 2023.

PlanValue 3.2Sep 5, 2023Project Kuiper partners with Vodafone in Europe and Africa

United Launch Alliance of Centennial, Colorado received $25,000,000 from NASA for a Vulcan engine reuse scale hypersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator technology demonstration.

FinancialRelationshipsCapabilityPlanValue 5.0Jul 30, 2023NASA reaches its Tipping Point for Key Moon + Exploration Tech

United Launch Alliance received a $25,000,000 Tipping Point award to advance hypersonic decelerator technology tested on the LOFTID project for potential use to recover the engine section of its Vulcan booster.

RelationshipsFinancialCapabilityPlanValue 4.6Jul 25, 2023NASA selects companies to advance lunar power and other technologies

The Vulcan launch vehicle can launch nearly as much mass as the Delta IV Heavy with 36% more volume.

CapabilityValue 4.0Jul 24, 2023The new era of heavy launch

Vulcan can place 14.5 metric tons into geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO), which is 53% of its LEO performance.

CapabilityValue 4.0Jul 24, 2023The new era of heavy launch

ULA won a $224.3 million contract for two Vulcan launches, which included special-service surcharges.

RelationshipsFinancialPlanValue 4.6Jul 24, 2023The new era of heavy launch

Vulcan’s maximum launch volume is 12 cubic meters per metric ton.

CapabilityValue 4.0Jul 24, 2023The new era of heavy launch

ULA may develop a first-stage engine module for Vulcan that could be detached, recovered, and reused.

PlanCapabilityGeneralValue 3.8Jul 24, 2023The new era of heavy launch

ULA CEO Tory Bruno previously estimated Vulcan would cost about $100 million for a medium-lift booster.

FinancialGeneralValue 3.7Jul 24, 2023The new era of heavy launch

ULA is conducting tests in advance of the first launch of Vulcan in late 2023.

PlanValue 3.0Jul 24, 2023The new era of heavy launch

Vulcan has a payload fairing diameter of 5 meters.

CapabilityValue 4.0Jul 24, 2023The new era of heavy launch

United Launch Alliance (ULA) is developing the Vulcan heavy launch vehicle.

CapabilityPlanValue 3.0Jul 24, 2023The new era of heavy launch

Amazon initially planned to launch its first two Project Kuiper prototype satellites by the fourth quarter of 2022 on ABL Space Systems rockets before switching to a United Launch Alliance Vulcan mission now slated for the fourth quarter of 2023.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Jul 21, 2023Amazon picks Kennedy Space Center for Project Kuiper processing facility

The first national security Vulcan launch under the NSS Launch Phase 2 contract could take place as soon as the second quarter of 2024.

PlanRelationshipsValue 4.0Jul 13, 2023Centaur modifications push first Vulcan launch to fourth quarter

United Launch Alliance delayed the Vulcan launch on 2023-06-24 to make minor reinforcements to the Centaur upper stage.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Jul 13, 2023Centaur modifications push first Vulcan launch to fourth quarter

United Launch Alliance completed a review of data from the Flight Readiness Firing of the Vulcan booster’s BE-4 engines on 2023-06-07 and concluded that all test objectives were successfully achieved.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Jun 24, 2023First Vulcan launch further delayed for Centaur modifications

ULA plans to retire the Delta 4 Heavy and replace it with the Vulcan Centaur rocket.

PlanValue 3.5Jun 22, 2023ULA’s Delta 4 Heavy launches classified spy satellite

The final Delta IV Heavy is scheduled to launch in 2024 as United Launch Alliance transitions its future missions from the East and West Coasts to the Vulcan rocket.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Jun 22, 2023UPDATE 3: A diamond in the night as ULA’s Delta IV Heavy launches NRO’s NROL-68 mission

NROL-64 will launch aboard United Launch Alliance’s Vulcan rocket from the Eastern range.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Jun 8, 2023Space Systems Command assigns 12 missions for National Security Space Launch Phase 2 FY23 Order Year