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Launch Vehicles
Vehicle family profile

Vulcan

Family-level launch record combining canonical variants, historical missions, public cadence forecasts, and available payload performance specs.

United Launch Alliance (ULA)Active
Admin
Variants
6
Canonical variants linked to this family.
Historical missions
4
Missions in the public mission table with actual launch dates.
Peak listed capacity
27,200 kg
Maximum payload capacity across listed variants and orbits.

Launch Cadence

Historical missions are grouped by actual launch year. Forecast cadence uses family-level launch-rate rows.

YearHistorical missionsForecast launches
202420
202510
2026114
2027019
2028023
2029025
2030025
2031025
2032025
2033025
2034025
2035025
2036025
2037025
2038025
2039025
2040025

Performance Specs

Payload capacity by variant and target orbit when structured capacity rows are available.

VariantOrbitCapacityAltitudeInclinationSource
Vulcan Centaur VC4L
LEO27,200 kgUnknownUnknownManual Vulcan VC4L fallback from nearby Vulcan Centaur performance profile.
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
LEO27,200 kgUnknownUnknownULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
LEO27,200 kg200 km

Recent Missions

Latest launched missions using variants in this family.

MissionVariantLaunch
USSF-87
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
Feb 12, 2026
USSF-106
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
Aug 13, 2025
CERT-2
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
Oct 4, 2024
Peregrine

Variants

Canonical variants rolled up into this launch vehicle family.

VariantStagesMissionsStatus
Vulcan Centaur VC2L
Not stated0Active
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
Not stated2Active
Vulcan Centaur VC4L
Not stated0Active
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
Not stated2Active
2041025

Forecast Location Split

2 launch locations represented.

YearLocationLaunchesConfidenceBasis
2026Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1065%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2026Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)450%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2027Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1365%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2027Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)650%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2028Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1565%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2028Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)850%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2029Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2029Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2030Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2030Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2031Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2031Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2032Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2032Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2033Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2033Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2034Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2034Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2035Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2035Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2036Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2036Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
2037Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)1665%Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida a...
2037Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)950%Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabi...
Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2026 · 65% confidence
10

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2026 · 50% confidence
4

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2027 · 65% confidence
13

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2027 · 50% confidence
6

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2028 · 65% confidence
15

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

28.7 deg
ULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
LEO27,200 kg200 km28.7 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
LEO25,600 kg407 km51.6 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
Polar23,900 kg200 km90 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
Polar23,900 kg200 km90 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
SSO22,300 kg555 km98.75 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC2L
LEO19,000 kg200 km28.7 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC4L
SSO18,500 kg555 km98.75 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
LEO16,300 kg407 km51.6 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC2L
LEO16,300 kg407 km51.6 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide / public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC2L
Polar15,200 kg200 km90 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
GTO14,500 kgUnknown27 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
SSO14,400 kg555 km98.75 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
GTO14,400 kgUnknown27 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
GTO12,000 kgUnknown19.2 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
GTO11,600 kgUnknown27 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
TLI11,500 kgUnknownUnknownULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
TLI11,300 kgUnknownUnknownULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
HEO10,600 kgUnknown63.4 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
GTO9,500 kgUnknown19.2 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC4L
GTO9,500 kgUnknownUnknownManual Vulcan VC4L fallback from nearby Vulcan Centaur performance profile.
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
TLI9,100 kgUnknownUnknownULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC4S
HEO8,900 kgUnknown63.4 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC2L
GTO8,400 kgUnknown27 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
GTO8,300 kgUnknown27 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide
Vulcan Centaur VC6L
MEO8,100 kg20,368 km55 degULA Vulcan public performance page
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
MEO7,900 kg20,368 km55 degULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
escape7,600 kgUnknownUnknownULA Vulcan Launch Systems User Guide October 2023
Vulcan Centaur VC2S
Jan 8, 2024

Forecasted Missions

Upcoming mission rows with announced launch timing.

MissionVariantAnnounced

No forecasted missions

No upcoming announced mission rows are linked to this vehicle family.

Vulcan Centaur VC6L
Not stated0Active
Vulcan Centaur VC6S
Not stated0Active
Track
Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2028 · 50% confidence
8

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2029 · 65% confidence
16

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2029 · 50% confidence
9

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2030 · 65% confidence
16

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2030 · 50% confidence
9

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral (Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida)
2031 · 65% confidence
16

Base assumes ULA reaches its stated 18-22 total annual company cadence in 2026 only partially on Vulcan, then stabilizes around 25 Vulcan/year across Florida and Vandenberg after ...

Space Launch Complex 3-East, Vandenberg AFB (South Vandenberg AFB, California)
2031 · 50% confidence
9

Vandenberg supports NSSL/polar missions. Base ramps from a small 2026 count to a mature 9/year as pad, upper-stage, SRB, and national-security processing stabilize.

Mentions
574
All verified mentions of this launch vehicle family in source documents.
0.0-5.0
Actions

ULA's CEO Tory Bruno expressed confidence in the upcoming second flight of the Vulcan Centaur rocket.

PlanValue 3.0Oct 7, 2024Gaining confidence in new launch vehicles

Bruno indicated that ULA is preparing the Vulcan for the upcoming national security missions while awaiting certification.

Plan
Page14of29
Legal
Value 3.0
Oct 7, 2024
Gaining confidence in new launch vehicles

ULA announced it would fly an inert payload on its second Vulcan launch in September due to delays in testing for Sierra Space’s Dream Chaser.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Jul 15, 2024When a workhorse falters

ULA CEO Tory Bruno ruled out flying a customer payload on the Vulcan launch Cert-2 mission.

PlanValue 3.5Jul 15, 2024When a workhorse falters

ULA plans to fly a mass simulator on its next Vulcan launch in September 2023 instead of the previously planned Sierra Space's Dream Chaser spaceplane.

PlanValue 4.2Jul 8, 2024Coping with Starship

United Launch Alliance’s Vulcan rocket is contracted to perform 38 launches for Amazon to support deployment of the majority of the Project Kuiper constellation.

RelationshipsPlanGeneralGrowthValue 4.8May 8, 2024ULA signs Bollinger Shipyards and Bristol Harbor Group, Inc. to create transport ship for Vulcan rockets

United Launch Alliance signed agreements with Bollinger Shipyards in Lockport, Louisiana and Bristol Harbor Group, Inc. in Bristol, Rhode Island to design, oversee, and build a new ship to transport Vulcan rockets from the factory in Decatur, Alabama to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and Vandenberg Space Force Base.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.5May 8, 2024ULA signs Bollinger Shipyards and Bristol Harbor Group, Inc. to create transport ship for Vulcan rockets

United Launch Alliance has been planning a transition from the Atlas 5 and Delta 4 Heavy to the next-generation Vulcan Centaur rocket powered by Blue Origin’s BE-4 engines.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.0Apr 9, 2024End of an era: Delta 4 Heavy soars one last time

Dream Chaser is planned to launch to space atop United Launch Alliance’s Vulcan Centaur rocket, separate from the rocket fairing, deploy its wings from a folded position, and fly semi-autonomously to the International Space Station.

PlanCapabilityValue 4.5Mar 11, 2024Sierra Space Completes First Phase of Pre-Flight Testing for Dream Chaser Spaceplane

On January 8, the first Vulcan rocket by United Launch Alliance successfully placed the Peregrine lander on a trajectory bound for the Moon.

PlanGeneralValue 4.0Mar 11, 2024The difficult early life of the Centaur upper stage

Vulcan was the 271st Centaur launch.

GeneralValue 2.2Mar 11, 2024The difficult early life of the Centaur upper stage

The upper stage of the Vulcan, known as Centaur V, is a high-energy upper stage that enhances the Vulcan's performance for planetary missions.

CapabilityGeneralValue 3.0Mar 11, 2024The difficult early life of the Centaur upper stage

The Vulcan rocket performed its task perfectly despite the Peregrine lander's issues.

GeneralValue 2.0Mar 11, 2024The difficult early life of the Centaur upper stage

The total number of Centaurs launched to date is 271, with the latest Centaur V version for the Vulcan carrying nearly four times the propellant mass of the original Centaur.

CapabilityGrowthValue 4.3Mar 11, 2024The difficult early life of the Centaur upper stage

United Launch Alliance successfully launched its Vulcan rocket in January 2024.

PlanCapabilityValue 3.0Mar 4, 2024Taking stock of the US space program

United Launch Alliance is projecting to launch Vulcan at least once a month and to ramp up to two launches per month by 2025.

PlanGrowthValue 4.0Feb 28, 2024Space Force top buyer keenly watching ULA and Blue Origin: ‘They need to scale’

The U.S. Space Force selected ULA’s Vulcan in 2020 to launch 60% of the 48 missions projected for the National Security Space Launch Phase 2 contract.

RelationshipsPlanValue 4.5Feb 28, 2024Space Force top buyer keenly watching ULA and Blue Origin: ‘They need to scale’

Astrobotic’s Peregrine lander launched 2024-01-08 on the first ULA Vulcan Centaur rocket and suffered a propellant leak hours after liftoff that Astrobotic believes was caused by a malfunctioning valve that overpressurized and burst a tank.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Feb 22, 2024Intuitive Machines lands on the moon

United Launch Alliance has no plans to continue using SLC-37 for its Vulcan rocket and launches its Vulcan rocket from nearby SLC-41.

PlanValue 4.0Feb 17, 2024Space Force to study Cape Canaveral launch sites for Starship

Sierra Space's Dream Chaser is a lifting body spaceplane intended to launch inside the payload fairing of a ULA Vulcan Centaur rocket.

CapabilityPlanValue 4.0Feb 12, 2024Review: Dark Star