SpaceX vice president Jessica Jensen estimated in 2024 that Starship would need about 10 refueling flights for a lunar mission.

NASA is paying for less than 20% of Starship’s maturation under the Human Landing System contract.

NASA requires SpaceX to complete an uncrewed Starship landing on the Moon before the 2028 crewed landing.

NASA’s Office of Inspector General reported that SpaceX has yet to demonstrate the required 12- to 24-day turnover of its launch pad.

SpaceX’s Starship includes a 100-metric-ton payload capacity, full reusability, and in-orbit refueling capabilities.

Artemis 3 is planned to test the Human Landing System in Earth orbit in 2027 before the planned Artemis 4 lunar landing in 2028.

China’s lunar lander Lanyue is a two-stage lander launched on a single Long March 10 rocket and uses stored hypergolic propellant rather than in-orbit refueling.

The Government Accountability Office warned that Starship delays could reduce astronaut training time and increase the probability of loss of the vehicle, crew, and mission during landing.

NASA’s Office of Inspector General found that SpaceX will be challenged to complete required milestones ahead of the Artemis III mission.

Lockheed Martin has performed technical and programmatic analysis for human lunar landers to return humans to the Moon as quickly as possible if NASA calls on the company.

Starlink’s entry-level 100 Mbps residential plan costs $55 per month.

Starlink’s standard home service costs between $55 and $130 per month plus a $340 hardware fee.

T-Mobile includes T-Satellite free in its premium unlimited tiers.

T-Satellite provides satellite messaging and data coverage across cellular dead zones for $10 per month.

AT&T and Verizon are building a rival joint venture to pool their spectrum and offer open-access satellite layers.

Traditional broadband companies are cutting rates, investing billions in fiber upgrades, and eliminating mandatory long-term contracts to reduce customer losses to satellite alternatives.

T-Mobile launched T-Satellite, a service powered by Starlink’s cellular satellites.

Satellite operators use Direct-to-Device technology to broadcast directly to unmodified smartphones.

Li Jiaying holds a PhD in computational and information science-related subjects.

Li Jiaying is flying her first space mission after being selected as a fourth-batch taikonaut in 2024.

Zhu Yangzhu has been a member of the Communist Party of China since December 2006 and has received the title of Heroic Astronaut.

MUSICO was delivered to the Chinese space station via Tianzhou-10 in May.

Zhu Yangzhu previously worked as an associate professor of aerospace engineering in the People’s Liberation Army and held the rank of colonel.

Zhang Zhiyuan has been a member of the Communist Party of China since 2011.

Li Jiaying previously served as a chief inspector of the Hong Kong Police Force and reached the rank of superintendent.

Zhu Yangzhu was selected as part of China’s third taikonaut group in 2020.

Li Jiaying was born in November 1982 and is from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Zhang Zhiyuan previously served as a pilot in the People’s Liberation Army Air Force and held the rank of colonel.

Zhu Yangzhu is the commander of Shenzhou-23 and is flying his second spaceflight after serving on Shenzhou-16 for 153 days from May 30, 2023 to October 31, 2023.

Zhang Zhiyuan is flying his first space mission after being selected as part of China’s third taikonaut group in 2020.

The Uniform Code of Military Justice was enacted in 1951.

The cost of launching a room-sized 1970s-era supercomputer into orbit was about $100,000 per kilogram.

The Space Force adopted a mission-aligned model of court-martial convening authority in which a Delta commander serves as special court-martial convening authority for forces under his command, regardless of installation.

The Space Force was established without its own legal career field and relies on Air Force judge advocates, a judiciary system, a defense bar, and victim’s counsel provided by the Air Force.

Colonel Todd Pennington is the Senior Research Fellow for Space Strategy and Policy at National Defense University’s Institute for National Strategic Studies in Washington, DC.

The US Space Force was established in December 2019 by redesignating the legacy Air Force Space Command as U.S. Space Force.

The Outer Space Treaty entered into force during the early space age.

Todd Pennington served as Staff Judge Advocate for US Space Force and as Judge Advocate for United States Space Command.

The Supreme Court eliminated the UCMJ service-connection requirement in 1978.

Planet Labs PBC adjusted access parameters in its cloud-native ground segment rather than turning off its orbiting cameras.

Planet Labs PBC’s raw optical data was downlinked through Ground-Station-as-a-Service networks and ingested into centralized databases before automated software masked the imagery from public view.

Planet Labs PBC rolled back administrative restrictions on its Earth observation data archives across the Middle East.

Planet Labs PBC’s PlanetScope and SkySat microsatellites captured the changing landscape of regional conflicts for nearly four months while the imagery remained inaccessible.

Following major military escalations in late winter, administrative directives imposed an indefinite embargo on imagery covering hundreds of coordinate boxes across Iran and the Persian Gulf.

Cyber in Space will incorporate ExeQuantum’s cryptographic discovery capabilities into its advisory services to provide migration planning, identify cryptographic vulnerabilities and develop roadmaps toward quantum-safe operations.

The partnership includes space mission and ground segment security reviews.

The partnership includes quantum readiness and post-quantum cryptography assessments, Cryptographic Bill of Materials discovery and analysis, space system cyber assurance and risk assessments, supply chain cyber resilience programs, space mission and ground segment security reviews, and compliance and certification support for government and commercial space programs.

The partnership includes compliance and certification support for government and commercial space programs.

The Cyber in Space and ExeQuantum partnership includes quantum readiness and post-quantum cryptography assessments.

Cyber in Space has an exclusive strategic partnership with ExeQuantum for cyber resilience and quantum-readiness services in the global aerospace and space sector.