Viasat and EchoStar will keep their 2 GHz licenses for two additional years after they expire in May 2027.

The proposed state-function infrastructure would be supported by a community operator and coordinated with IRIS2.

Henna Virkkunen is the European Commission’s executive vice president responsible for digital policy.

The European Commission’s proposal would affect the 2 GHz frequency band.

The Technology Sovereignty Package is intended to reduce the European Union’s dependence on foreign suppliers in strategic sectors.

Some European Commission officials support a gradual approach to handling large foreign operators in the European spectrum.

The European Commission plans to allocate one third of Europe’s satellite spectrum to strategic state functions such as defense and security.

IRIS2 is a planned European multi-orbit satellite internet constellation scheduled to be operational in 2030.

Calian Group Ltd. introduced ATHORA at CANSEC in Ottawa as an open-architecture interoperability platform.

ATHORA is intended to reduce vendor lock-in for the Canadian Armed Forces.

Calian plans to use Calian VENTURES to extend ATHORA and its AI capabilities to a broader ecosystem of Canadian technology companies.

ATHORA is an open-architecture interoperability platform designed as a system-of-systems orchestration layer for connecting communications networks, sensors, and legacy infrastructure across land, sea, air, space, cyber, and electromagnetic domains.

ATHORA is intended to reduce vendor lock-in for the Canadian Armed Forces and support integration of niche technologies from domestic small-and-medium enterprises alongside hardware from major international prime contractors.

The Calian-Cohere collaboration uses Cohere’s North platform to process sensitive data for operational and training insights.

Patrick Houston is the CEO of Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd. introduced ATHORA and an artificial intelligence partnership with Cohere at the CANSEC defence exhibition in Ottawa.

Calian Group Ltd. formed a strategic partnership with Cohere to evaluate and deploy generative artificial intelligence within secure military frameworks.

Calian intends to use Calian VENTURES to extend ATHORA and its AI capabilities to a broader ecosystem of Canadian technology companies.

ATHORA is a system-of-systems orchestration layer designed to connect communications networks, sensors, and legacy infrastructure across land, sea, air, space, cyber, and electromagnetic domains.

Calian Group Ltd. has a strategic partnership with Toronto-based Cohere to evaluate and deploy generative artificial intelligence within secure military frameworks.

Calian and Cohere aim to accelerate tactical decision support and mission planning without exposing classified data to public networks.

ATHORA is intended to let the Canadian Armed Forces integrate technologies from domestic small-and-medium enterprises alongside hardware from major international prime contractors.

The Commission’s consultations on the EU Space Act are part of the next phase of European institutional work on the dual-use question.

Col. Marcin Mazur is Vice President of the Polish Space Agency.

The Spanish Space Agency reports to both the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the Ministry of Defence.

Juan Carlos Cortés Pulido is Director of the Spanish Space Agency.

Sabrina Alam is Space Lead at the SnT Technology Transfer Office at the University of Luxembourg.

Villemos said that dual-use, civil-use, and military space systems are already being targeted today.

Gert Villemos is CISO and CTO of Leanspace.

Sabrina Andiappane is Luxembourg Managing Director of ClearSpace.

James Black is Deputy Director of Defence and Security and European Lead for Space at RAND Europe.

A secure-waveform programme is already underway across 22 companies and 12 member states.

Black said many European countries do not have emergency legal powers for wartime space operations or for space industry.

Dr. Michael "Mick" Gleason is Senior Policy Analyst at the Center for Space Policy and Strategy at The Aerospace Corporation.

The European Commission and EUSPA route European defence-space funding through the dual-use category.

The European Commission and EUSPA fund technologies that are not purely military if they can also prove commercial value.

Mazur defined Polish sovereign space capability as a diversity of resources from national, bilateral, federated, and commercial sources.

Gleason says an asset that is part of a military kill chain can be a legitimate military target under international law.

The HiBiDiS and SOVA-S Scout missions must progress from initial approval to launch within three years.

OHB Czechspace is developing the Satellite Observation of Waves in the Atmosphere – Scout (SOVA-S) mission.

ESA selected the HiBiDiS and SOVA-S Scout missions after a 10-month evaluation of four candidate missions.

ESA introduced the Scout mission class in 2019 within its FutureEO programme.

ESA Scout missions are designed as agile, low-cost Earth observation missions that use small satellites developed in three years for no more than €30 million, later increased to €35 million.

ESA awarded the CubeMAP contract to GomSpace in 2021.

HydroGNSS, developed by SSTL, is the first ESA Scout mission to reach orbit.

The HiBiDiS and SOVA-S Scout missions have a combined cost cap of €35 million.

SITAEL is developing the Hyperspectral Biodiversity Scout (HiBiDiS) mission.

ESA plans to sign the contracts for the HiBiDiS and SOVA-S missions by the end of the year.

SOVA-S will use shortwave infrared imaging to provide near-global daily observations of gravity waves between 80 kilometres and 120 kilometres above Earth’s surface.

SpaceX launched HydroGNSS on a Falcon 9 rocket in November 2025.