The later APAS became the default docking port for NPO Energia projects and was included in plans for Buran, the Mir-2 space station, and the reusable Zarya capsule.

The -6001 APDA made its debut on Discovery during STS-91 in June 1998 and flew the first ISS docking mission, STS-92, in October 2000.

The APAS capture ring used inward-canted petals that freed perimeter space for sensor hardware, electrical connectors, hydraulic connectors, and propellant transfer.

All -6001 APDAs were fitted with 24 explosive bolts for both active and passive structural hooks.

PMA-1 uses an active APDA variant, while PMA-2 and PMA-3 use fully passive APAS configurations.

Discovery was the first orbiter fitted with the definitive ODS and the ISS-specification -6001 APDA during OMDP-2 between September 1995 and June 1996.

PMA-2 and PMA-3 used fully passive APAS assemblies that lacked the soft capture mechanism and were configured without explosive bolts on their structural hooks.

An APAS-89 unit has an internal passage diameter of 800 millimeters with the soft capture ring installed.

The procurement builds on a preliminary partnership arrangement announced in 2025.

The Arctic Over-the-Horizon Radar program includes a direct technology transfer of phased-array designs and software used in Australia’s Jindalee Operational Radar Network.

Canada plans to build a permanent transmit site north of Kawartha Lakes for the Arctic Over-the-Horizon Radar program.

The Arctic Over-the-Horizon Radar procurement includes hardware and signal processing technology.

Stephen Fuhr is Canada’s secretary of state for defence procurement.

The Arctic Over-the-Horizon Radar initiative is designed to add early warning capabilities to the modernized NORAD network.

Richard Marles is Australia’s deputy prime minister and minister for defence.

The Department of National Defence is targeting initial operational capability for the Arctic Over-the-Horizon Radar program by December 2029.

The finalized contract requires BAE Systems Australia to integrate domestic companies into the supply chain.

The Canadian government has finalized a $2.5 billion procurement agreement with Australia and BAE Systems Australia for the Arctic Over-the-Horizon Radar program.

BAE Systems Australia is scheduled to begin engineering work on July 1, 2026.

The Arctic Over-the-Horizon Radar initiative has a budget of $6 billion.

Canada plans to build a preliminary receive site in Clearview Township for the Arctic Over-the-Horizon Radar program.

The Defence Investment Agency manages the Arctic Over-the-Horizon Radar procurement.

Griffin’s propulsion system was developed for a heavier payload class than Peregrine’s propulsion system.

The acquisition transferred Astrobotic’s lander programs, operational assets, and mission heritage record to Voyager Technologies.

A propellant leak compromised Peregrine Mission 1’s attitude control within hours of separation.

Astrobotic’s Peregrine Mission 1 launched on January 8, 2024 aboard United Launch Alliance’s Vulcan Centaur rocket.

Voyager Technologies had no prior commercial lunar program operating record before acquiring Astrobotic Technology.

Voyager Technologies is a defense and national security systems integrator.

Voyager Technologies now controls a propulsion architecture with a documented in-flight failure on its only operational flight.

Voyager Technologies now controls the integration architecture and interface heritage for Peregrine and Griffin avionics stacks.

The Commercial Lunar Payload Services contract vehicle was designed to maintain a competitive, multi-vendor pool.

Astrobotic acquired the assets of Masten Space Systems in 2022 after Masten Space Systems’ bankruptcy.

Voyager Technologies’ acquisition of Astrobotic Technology is the first major ownership-consolidation event within the Commercial Lunar Payload Services vendor pool.

NASA had not publicly released a final root-cause determination for Peregrine Mission 1 as of mid-2025.

Voyager Technologies acquired Astrobotic Technology in early 2025.

The acquisition transferred Astrobotic’s full Commercial Lunar Payload Services task order portfolio under NASA contract vehicle NNH19ZCQ001K into Voyager Technologies’ corporate structure.

Payloads designed to Astrobotic’s guidance, navigation, and control interface standards require re-qualification to operate on an alternative lander platform.

Astrobotic’s Griffin lander had no active primary payload manifest after NASA canceled the Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover mission.

Voyager Technologies did not disclose any purchase price, earnout structure, or integration timeline for the Astrobotic acquisition.

ElevationSpace’s in-space research and return platforms are central to its planned in-orbit transportation network.

ElevationSpace’s Series B investors included SPARX Asset Management and Beyond Next Ventures.

AOBA’s demo mission will carry experimental payloads, conduct experiments, and return to Earth.

AOBA is expected to be ready to launch later this year.

ElevationSpace is seeking to expand into European and U.S. markets.

ElevationSpace raised a $40 million Series B and brought its total funding to $63.5 million.

AOBA is Japan’s first private reentry satellite and the first model of the ELS-R series.

ELS-R is an uncrewed platform for in-orbit research, development, and manufacturing with Earth-return capabilities.

Axiom Space agreed to explore reentry and recovery services with ElevationSpace for commercial space stations.

ElevationSpace is a Japanese satellite reentry startup.

ElevationSpace is developing its spacecraft in collaboration with JAXA and Tohoku University.