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Chinese commercial launch companies CAS Space, iSpace, Expace, Space Pioneer, and Landspace reached orbit in 2023.
iSpace, Expace, Space Pioneer, and Landspace reached orbit in 2023, and Orienspace aimed to conduct its first launch with the Gravity-1 solid rocket in the second half of 2023.
Landspace was established in 2015 following China’s 2014 opening of parts of the space sector to private capital.
Landspace’s Zhuque-2 is powered by gas-generator engines producing 268,000 kg of thrust.
Landspace is the second private Chinese launch firm to reach orbit with a liquid-propellant rocket after Space Pioneer’s Tianlong-2 reached orbit in April 2023.
The TQ-12 engine that powers the Zhuque-2 first stage produces 80,000 kg of thrust and Landspace is developing a restartable version of the engine.
Landspace established a $1,500,000,000 medium and large-scale liquid rocket assembly and test plant in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province.
Landspace states that future Zhuque-2 launches with upgraded second-stage engines will be capable of delivering 6,000 kg to a 200-kilometer low Earth orbit or 4,000 kg to a 500-kilometer Sun-synchronous orbit.
Landspace reached orbit with its methane-fueled Zhuque-2 rocket on 2023-07-11, lifting off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 9:00 p.m. Eastern.
Landspace’s first launch used the solid-propellant Zhuque-1 in October 2018 and that mission ended in failure.
Landspace tested a restartable version of the 80-ton-thrust TQ-12 engine which powers the Zhuque-2 first stage.
Landspace is developing an improved second-stage engine that will not require vernier engines, and that upgraded engine will not be present on the second Zhuque-2.
Commercial company Landspace delivered its second Zhuque-2 methalox rocket to Jiuquan in May 2023.
Landspace is preparing for the second launch of its Zhuque-2 methalox rocket after the vehicle failed to reach orbit on its debut flight in December 2022.
Landspace completed final assembly of its second Zhuque-2 methalox rocket on 2023-03-31.
Landspace completed final assembly of its second Zhuque-2 methalox rocket on 2023-03-31 following the failure of the first Zhuque-2 in 2022-12-01.
Landspace’s Zhuque-2, a privately developed Chinese methane-fueled rocket, launched in December but failed to reach orbit.
Expace, Landspace, iSpace, Galactic Energy, Space Pioneer, Deep Blue Aerospace, Orienspace, and Rocket Pi are all seeking to reach orbit 2023 or next.
Landspace was assembling and testing a second Zhuque-2 and planned the third Zhuque-2 to use an upgraded Tianque engine without vernier engines.
The Zhuque-2 rocket developed by Chinese private launch company Landspace malfunctioned on its inaugural launch on 2022-12-14 while attempting to become the first methane-fueled rocket to reach orbit.