The China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology reported that the December 31, 2025 Long March 7A carried 7,000 kilograms of payload, marking the heaviest high-orbit payload ever launched by a Long March 7A rocket.

The Long March 7A first stage is equipped with two YF-100 engines that produce 245 tons of thrust.

China launched Shijian-30A, Shijian-30B, and Shijian-30C into low Earth orbit before December 31, 2025.

China launched six Shiyan-27 satellites into sun-synchronous orbit in April 2025.

The Long March 7A third stage features two YF-75 engines that provide 17 tons of thrust.

China launched Shiyan-28B-01 into low Earth orbit in July 2025.

The China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology plans to increase the Long March 7 series flight rate in 2026 and indicated the series could fly approximately once a month or more with the shortened launch process.

A Long March 7A lifted off from Launch Complex 201 at the Wenchang Space Launch Site on December 31, 2025 at 06:40 China Standard Time (December 30, 2025 at 22:40 UTC).

The December 31, 2025 mission was the 24th launch of the Long March 7 series.

The China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology performed forty-four launches in 2025 as a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.

Each of the Long March 7A four boosters is powered by a YF-100 engine generating 122 tons of thrust.

The China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology optimized the December 31, 2025 Long March 7A launch campaign to nineteen days using process improvements and new hardware including a new mobile launch platform.

China launched Shiyan-28B-02 into low Earth orbit in August 2025.

The Long March 7A second stage is powered by four YF-115 engines that together generate 72 tons of thrust.

China launched a geostationary Shijian-29 satellite in September 2025.

Astronstone's second-stage used for the December 22, 2025 test is 4.2 meters in diameter and constructed from stainless steel.

Galactic Energy is constructing a dedicated launch pad for Pallas-1 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and has built a horizontal assembly building, flame trench, launch platform, and lighting diversion towers.

iSpace built hardware for Hyperbola-3 that includes the aft end of a second-stage, propellant tanks, grid fins, and the Qinglan drone ship.

iSpace tested a transporter-erector at the Wenchang Commercial Space Launch Site ahead of Hyperbola-3’s debut flight in 2026.

Galactic Energy conducted pre-flight static fires of both Pallas-13 stages in September and November 2025.

iSpace conducted sixteen shock tests of a Hyperbola-3 landing leg on December 29, 2025 that simulated landing on a drone ship at sea.

Astronstone conducted the first firing of the second-stage of its two-stage partially-reusable launch vehicle AS-1 on December 22, 2025.

Astronstone validated engine pre-cooling processes for the Longyun engine necessary for multiple in-space burns during the December 22, 2025 test.

On December 31, 2025 Galactic Energy stated that its partially reusable two-stage Pallas-13 launch vehicle is assembled and ready to head to the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center for its debut flight.

Jiuzhou Yunjian's Longyun engine powered the December 22, 2025 second-stage test and generated 80 tons of thrust.

Galactic Energy has had hardware for the Pallas-13 debut flight sitting since at least May 2024.

Earlier in December 2025, Astronstone tested a basic version of its first-stage booster catch tower arms while securing new funding for a production facility.

iSpace collected the expected data from the sixteen shock tests and proceeded to produce four landing legs for Hyperbola-3’s first flight.

Deep Blue Aerospace upgraded its test facility to support 4.2-meter-wide rocket stages and systems for handling liquid methane.

Astronstone validated optimization of interfaces and connections across the AS-1 second-stage during the December 22, 2025 test.

The influence of aerosols is not uniform and depends on their chemical composition and spatial distribution.

Aerosols can originate from natural sources, such as desert dust and marine aerosols, or from anthropogenic activities, including industrial combustion and traffic.

Earth observation missions allow for the detection of aerosol presence and characteristics.

Aerosols are tiny solid or liquid particles that float in the Earth's atmosphere.

The analysis of aerosols allows for a connection between air quality and climatic effects.

On December 30, 2025, ESA Italia highlighted the impact of dust particles and droplets suspended in the atmosphere on air quality, health, and climate.

Aerosols influence both weather phenomena and long-term climate trends.

Aerosols have regional or global repercussions due to local episodes.

The study of climate aerosols is central to both environmental research and climate mitigation policies.

The combination of spatial data and atmospheric analysis contributes to a more accurate understanding of the dynamics linking health, environment, and climate.

In 2024, climate aerosols have returned to scientific attention.

Satellite observations help evaluate the effectiveness of emission reduction measures and improve climate models used for future predictions.

The data referenced by ESA Italia comes from ESA's Earth observation programs that analyze the composition of the atmosphere and its evolution over time.

Small dust particles and droplets, referred to as 'aerosols,' float in the Earth's atmosphere.

Aerosols can trigger asthma, cause acid rain, and alter the climate by absorbing and scattering sunlight.

The study of climate aerosols is essential for supporting policy decisions and environmental strategies based on scientific data.

Global aerosol monitoring is enabled by ESA Earth Observation satellites, which provide continuous and comparable data over time.

ESA data indicates that aerosols are not marginal but a structural component of the Earth's climate system.

Continuous observation of aerosols from space is key to interpreting atmospheric evolution and addressing future environmental challenges.

3I/ATLAS developed a genuine anti-tail, a short tail directed toward the Sun.