The LLNL model simulates the forces acting on a satellite in cis-lunar space for six years.

The 'three-body problem' refers to a real physics problem involving systems with three bodies exerting and receiving gravitational influences.

Growing activities in cis-lunar space are expected to reference the extensive dataset for planning purposes to reduce calculation frustration.

Stable regions were identified around the Lagrange points L4 and L5 of the Earth-Moon system.

LLNL scientists selected the positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon on January 1, 1980, as initial conditions for their modeling.

Approximately 9,700 of the modeled 1,000,000 orbits developed by LLNL were stable, with notable clusters of stability in specific areas.

L4 and L5 points serve as potential gravitational 'parking' areas for important infrastructures like the Lunar Gateway.

National space agencies and military forces may consider stability islands as essential for future space operations.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists have developed an open-source dataset and software package mapping 1,000,000 cis-lunar orbits.

Saudi Net Link achieved Tier 3 certification of its Khobar and Rawabi-Riyadh teleports in Saudi Arabia under the World Teleport Association’s Teleport Certification Program.

Currently, seven teleports are engaged in the quality evaluation process under the WTA’s Teleport Certification Program.

Saudi Net Link delivers advanced satellite and broadband managed services, cybersecurity, and IoT solutions across Saudi Arabia and the GCC region.

Saudi Net Link is headquartered in Riyadh with offices in Al Khobar and Jeddah.

Full Certification from the WTA remains in effect for three years.

Saudi Net Link is a licensed Saudi satellite telecommunications and ICT service provider established in 1995.

The certification of these facilities marks the 73rd and 74th teleports certified since the program began at IBC 2015.

Saudi Net Link joins an elite group of operators including IABG Teleport, Speedcast, Eutelsat, and SES who have achieved WTA certification.

Jatan Mehta acknowledges amazing editors, bosses, and managers throughout his space writing career across various organizations and media publications worldwide.

Jatan Mehta wrote a poem to express gratitude towards someone he worked with and learned from.

Jatan Mehta's poetry pamphlet is titled 'Seven uni-verses' and is published globally.

Telespazio is responsible for the ground segment and orbital operations of the COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation system.

The CSG-3 satellite is entering its Launch and Early Orbit Phase, expected to last approximately nine days.

The satellite was carried into orbit aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.

The COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation program reflects a collaborative effort between institutional owners and industrial partners.

During the Launch and Early Orbit Phase, engineers at the Fucino Space Centre will perform critical system checks and begin the In-Orbit Testing and commissioning phases.

The launch of the CSG-3 satellite marks the third of four planned second-generation radar satellites.

The fourth and final satellite of the CSG constellation is currently in production.

The COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation satellite was built by Thales Alenia Space for the Italian Space Agency and the Italian Ministry of Defense.

The third satellite of the COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation constellation was successfully launched on January 3, 2026, at 2:09 AM UTC from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.

The constellation has archived more than 4.3 million radar images over nearly two decades of operation.

The final configuration of the COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation system will feature four satellites phased in the same orbital plane.

The CSG satellites are based on the PRIMA platform and designed to progressively replace the first-generation COSMO-SkyMed system, which has been operational since 2007.

The COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation system supports applications including environmental monitoring, disaster response, and national security operations.

Thales Alenia Space, a joint venture between Thales and Leonardo, is the prime contractor responsible for the entire COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation system.

Control of the COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation satellite was established 59 minutes after separation when its signal was acquired by Telespazio’s Fucino Space Centre in Abruzzo, Italy.

Operators often use the term 'space particle' when an impact is suspected but the object is too small to be tracked or identified.

Indra Group is currently assessing the extent of the damage to the SpainSat NG II satellite.

The SPAINSAT NG programme is intended to provide secure communications for Spain's armed forces and government agencies.

Technical teams are currently assessing the extent of the damage to SpainSat NG II.

The two SPAINSAT NG satellites are expected to have an operational lifespan of 15 years.

On 2 January 2023, Indra Group announced that SpainSat NG II suffered the impact of a space particle at an altitude of 50,000 kilometres.

In 2019, Hisdesat selected a consortium led by Airbus and Thales Alenia Space to build two satellites for Spain’s SPAINSAT NG programme.

Indra Group stated that if necessary, SpainSat NG II will be replaced as soon as possible.

The Spanish government has invested more than €2 billion in the construction, launch, and operation of the two SPAINSAT NG satellites.

Indra Group has a 7% direct stake in Hisdesat.

Indra Group owns 89.68% of Hispasat, which holds a 43% stake in Hisdesat.

The SpainSat NG II communications satellite was struck by a space particle as it was en route to its operational orbit.

Hisdesat has implemented a contingency plan to ensure continuity of services for Spain's Ministry of Defence.

Indra Group's acquisition of Hispasat was formally completed in late December 2022.

The first SPAINSAT NG satellite was launched in January aboard a Falcon 9 rocket and is currently operational.