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The Chang’e-4 lander powered down at 6 a.m. Eastern on Monday in preparation for sunset about 24 hours later.

Queqiao launched in May 2018 to the Earth-Moon Lagrange Point 2.

NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter passed 330 km east of the Chang’e-4 landing site on 2019-01-30 and returned an oblique image of the Von Kármán crater and the Chang’e-4 lander.

Yutu-2’s science payloads—the Lunar Penetrating Radar, Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer, Advanced Small Analyzer for Neutrals, and Panoramic Camera—were operating nominally and transmitting good data.

The Chang’e-4 mission component Longjiang-2 is a 45-kilogram microsatellite that launched with Queqiao and operates in an elliptical lunar orbit.

Under the RFI’s $200,000,000 option, Chile would seek use of satellites comparable to Airbus’s Pleiades Neo or Maxar’s WorldView Legion, which promise 30-centimeter-resolution imagery.

Airbus and Maxar Technologies are developing commercial satellite constellations that promise 30-centimeter-resolution imagery.

Ball Aerospace and Lockheed Martin have built commercial imaging satellites providing 50-centimeter or better resolution.

Airbus Defence and Space and Lockheed Martin Space Systems were invited by the Chilean Air Force to respond to the 2019-02-03 RFI.

FASat-Bravo reached orbit in 1998 and operated until 2002.

Suchai is a single-unit university-led Chilean cubesat that launched in 2017 on an Indian PSLV rocket.

The Chilean Air Force’s Logistic Command is willing to spend up to $200,000,000 for part-time ownership of a commercial Earth-observation satellite capable of 0.5-meter or better ground resolution.

Maxar cited the need to concentrate capital on WorldView Legion when it cancelled a satellite-servicing spacecraft it was co-developing with DARPA.

The Chilean Air Force included alternatives in the RFI such as help building and launching a microsatellite constellation or acquiring a direct replacement for FASat-Charlie.

FASat-Charlie launched in 2011 and was operating two years past its five-year design life at the time of the RFI.

FASat-Charlie was built by Airbus and has a 1.45-meter-resolution imaging capability.

Maxar selected SpaceX to launch the initial block of the WorldView Legion constellation on two Falcon 9 rockets in 2021.

Ball Aerospace and Maxar Technologies received the 2019-02-03 RFI from the Chilean Air Force.

Maxar acquired DigitalGlobe in 2017.

Maxar expects to invest $600,000,000 in the WorldView Legion constellation.

The RFI specifies that the first microsatellite could be built outside Chile to meet a December 2021 launch deadline while the other three would need to be built in Chile with at least one ready to launch by February 2022.

PeruSat-1 is capable of collecting 0.7-meter-resolution imagery and launched in 2016.

The RFI gives invited companies 30 days to outline a proposal to build and launch a satellite for Chile by February 2022 or to provide direct control of an existing or planned half-meter-resolution satellite when it is over Chile and other parts of the region.

A straightforward FASat-Charlie successor would need to be in orbit by February 2022 and would need to be built to last at least 10 years.

Chinese and Russian space surveillance networks can track and characterize satellites in all Earth orbits.

Both China and Russia are developing jamming, cyberspace capabilities, directed energy weapons, and ground-based anti-satellite missiles.

The report aims to support public understanding of key space and counterspace issues.

Some foreign governments are developing capabilities that threaten the use of space by others.

The report highlights orbital debris as a significant concern for future space operations.

Both China and Russia have robust space services, including intelligence gathering, surveillance, reconnaissance, space launch vehicles, and navigation satellites.

China and Russia are identified as the two major challengers to U.S. space security in the report.

The space capabilities of China and Russia enhance their military command and control, allowing for improved monitoring of U.S. and allied forces.

China and Russia have developed military doctrines asserting that space is crucial for modern warfare.

Space-based capabilities support military, commercial, and civilian applications.

The Defense Intelligence Agency released a report titled 'Challenges to Security in Space' on national security challenges in outer space.

The United States' dependence on space capabilities drives other countries to improve their abilities in space.

Iran and North Korea are mentioned as countries with emerging space capabilities.

Technological and cost barriers to space are diminishing, allowing more countries and firms to engage in satellite construction and space-related activities.

The report follows a prior report on China's military power and its anti-satellite capabilities.

In 2019 Exolaunch plans to send more than 60 cubesats and microsatellites into space on multiple launch vehicles.

Exolaunch has integrated more than 30 Spire Lemur cubesats on multiple launches with additional integrations planned for 2019.

Exolaunch helped launch four eight-kilogram S-NET communications satellites from the Technical University of Berlin.

Exolaunch will arrange and manage launches in 2019 for at least two Iceye synthetic aperture radar microsatellites.

Exolaunch developed its own line of deployers and separation systems for one- to 16-unit cubesats and for microsatellites in the 15- to 150-kilogram range.

Exolaunch is seeking to begin working with other launch vehicle operators including the Indian Space Research Organization.

Mars One selected 1,058 candidates at the end of 2013 for further consideration.

Mars One announced delays in December 2016 moving the lander launch from 2018 to 2022 and the orbiter launch from 2018 to 2024.

Mars One awarded study contracts in 2013 to Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. to develop a communications-relay orbiter and to Lockheed Martin for a Mars lander based on NASA’s Phoenix mission design.

Mars One provided few financial updates after the December 2016 disclosure that Mars One Ventures had gone public following the acquisition by InFin Innovative Finance AG.