Many of the most remote galaxies are categorized as blue monsters, which are extremely bright, very compact, and nearly dust-free.

Measuring dark star characteristics through JWST and related observations could help constrain dark matter models.

The University of Surrey is partnering with researchers in Japan to develop instruments that can measure previously inaccessible isotopes.

The collaboration aims to improve understanding of how chemical elements originate in nuclear astrophysical environments.

The project involves collaboration between the University of Surrey, Kyushu University, and the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN.

The project has been awarded 215,100 pounds from the Royal Society's International Science Partnership Fund.

The isotopes studied do not occur naturally on Earth and can only be created momentarily in advanced laboratories.

The R3 facility can store and repeatedly observe short-lived nuclei.

The project will deepen collaboration between the UK and Japan over three years.

Dr Ragandeep Singh Sidhu is a project co-lead and Future Fellow at the University of Surrey's School of Mathematics and Physics.

RIBF is a facility where intense beams of exotic nuclei are produced for experiments.

The team aims to refine theoretical models of nuclear structure by measuring the mass and half-life of these isotopes.

The project aims to study how nuclear shells behave in some of the heaviest and most neutron-rich nuclei ever measured.

Researchers will investigate fundamental properties of unstable atomic nuclei, focusing on neutron rich and neutron deficient isotopes.

Dr Masaomi Tanaka is an Assistant Professor at Kyushu University and a project co-lead.

The collaboration will probe regions of the nuclear chart that have not been reached by prior experiments.

The collaboration will support new experimental tools and maintain the UK's role in nuclear physics research.

The Surrey group will lead the development and testing of detector and data acquisition systems in the UK.

Experiments will take place at the Rare-Radioactive Isotope Ring (R3) at RIBF, RIKEN.

The new authorization doubles SpaceX's authorized Gen2 fleet to 15,000 spacecraft.

SpaceX must launch 50% of the newly approved satellites by December 1, 2028, and the remainder by December 1, 2031, to maintain its licensing rights.

The FCC deferred a decision on the remaining 14,988 proposed satellites intended for orbits above 600 kilometers.

FCC Chairman Brendan Carr stated that the authorization would strengthen competition and help ensure faster internet services for all communities.

Within the U.S., SpaceX is authorized to provide supplemental coverage in cellular-adjacent frequencies through a partnership with T-Mobile.

The FCC granted SpaceX the authority to provide direct-to-cell connectivity outside the United States.

The FCC's order addresses a portion of SpaceX's 2020 application for nearly 30,000 next-generation satellites.

SpaceX is permitted to operate across a broader range of frequencies, including Ku- and Ka-bands for user links, and V-, E-, and W-bands for gateway operations.

The order is expected to enhance SpaceX's dominant position in the global broadband market.

The newly authorized Starlink satellites will operate at altitudes ranging from 340 kilometers to 485 kilometers.

SpaceX will offer symmetrical gigabit-per-second broadband speeds to rural and underserved regions worldwide under the new authorization.

The expanded capacity will allow SpaceX to capture a larger share of the $42 billion Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) partially granted authorization for SpaceX to deploy and operate an additional 7,500 second-generation Starlink satellites on January 9, 2026.

Development of the P120C booster began in 2015 and was led by Europropulsion, a joint venture between ArianeGroup and Avio.

A P120C booster flew for the first time in July 2022 on the inaugural flight of Vega C.

The P160C booster will be used for the first time aboard an Ariane 6 rocket in 2026.

ESA announced in March 2022 that it would fund the development of an upgraded variant of the booster initially referred to as the P120C+.

The upgraded booster was later renamed the P160C and carries an additional 14 tonnes of solid propellant.

Arianespace will complete 18 flights for Amazon over a three-year period aboard Ariane 64 rockets.

The Space Rider vehicle is designed to host scientific payloads and technology demonstrations in orbit for up to two months before returning to Earth.

Arianespace is contracted to launch initial P160C-equipped Ariane 6 rockets on behalf of Amazon for its low Earth orbit megaconstellation.

The first flight of a P160C-equipped Vega C rocket will carry the inaugural mission of ESA’s Space Rider vehicle.

The P120C booster serves as the first stage for Avio’s Vega C launch system.

On 19 December 2025, ESA announced the completion of the final review of the P160C booster, clearing it for flight.

Two of the flights for Amazon will utilize P120C-equipped Ariane 64 rockets, while the remaining 16 will utilize P160C boosters.

Arianespace will require 64 P160C boosters over the next three years to fulfill its contract obligations to Amazon.

The P120C booster will not be introduced aboard Vega C until 2028.

The delay in introducing the P160C booster for Vega C reflects the requirements of the smaller rocket’s launch manifest.

The Vega C launch system does not initially require the additional payload capacity of the P160C booster.

The Space Rider vehicle employs a steerable parafoil to enable precise landings, allowing it to be refurbished and reused.

The P120C booster will be used for the first time aboard an Ariane 6 rocket later this year.