John Vargas estimated a kinetic intercept from space in 2028 for Golden Dome.

General Guetlein moved the Golden Dome initiative behind a classified wall to limit foreign hacking exposure.

The Golden Dome program’s classified requirements have produced a supply-chain environment where vendors are guessing at requirements and hoping their technology fits unmeasurable specifications.

Executive Order 14186 mandates the Golden Dome missile defense architecture and the program is funded at $175 billion.

The Golden Dome concept shifted from a limited Iron Dome–style system to a global shield against hypersonic threats.

Amazon Project Kuiper is positioned by the Department of Defense as an alternative commercial transport layer for Golden Dome.

Redwire has a growing backlog of work as a prime contractor supporting Under Layer requirements for hypersonic tracking.

Mark Hanson estimated a kinetic intercept from space in 2029 for Golden Dome.

Redwire’s SabreSat is a very-low-Earth-orbit platform capable of air-breathing propulsion that targets Under Layer requirements for tracking hypersonic glide vehicles.

Momentus executed a 1-for-17.85 reverse stock split in December and currently operates on the Nasdaq under going-concern warnings.

Momentus positions its orbital tugs as essential for maneuverability and reducing cycle times for space systems.

The program has a $25 billion down payment but prime contractors could not agree on when a space-based kinetic intercept capability will function within a four-year window.

Naveen Kachroo estimated a kinetic intercept from space in 2030 or later for Golden Dome.

John Rood cautioned that military decision-makers are uncomfortable fully automating kinetic authority without rule sets.

Chris Daywalt of Loft Orbital projected a kinetic intercept from space in 2032.

SpaceX was absent from the panel despite being the only entity currently capable of launching the volume required for Golden Dome’s thousands of interceptors.

The Space Development Agency has not yet successfully demonstrated an optical link between two different vendors in space, according to a Government Accountability Office report released this month.

John Vargas argued that current human-in-the-loop structures are insufficient for hypersonic defense and that AI will need to handle the OODA loop with humans in a supervisory role.

The Department of Defense is developing a second industrial base to avoid reliance on SpaceX’s Starshield.

MissionOne is Galaxia’s turnkey service that delivers satellite missions from concept to launch and operations.

Under the agreement, Galaxia will provide MissionOne framework and mission execution expertise and Impulso.Space will manage launch access and integrated logistics capabilities.

Galaxia signed the multi-launch deal with Impulso.Space at Space Tech Expo Europe in Bremen in fall 2025.

Arad Gharagozli is the CEO of Galaxia Mission Systems.

Impulso.Space is an Italian company that offers integrated, end-to-end launch services from its U.S. operations in Melbourne, Florida near Cape Canaveral.

Galaxia launched its first MissionOne satellite MÖBIUS-1 in June 2025.

Under the agreement, Impulso.Space will support MissionOne launches by securing appropriate launch opportunities and separation systems and by managing satellite logistics including shipping, customs clearance, and the preparing and refueling of spacecraft ahead of integration.

Impulso.Space signed an agreement in 2024 with Maritime Launch Services to provide integrated launch services for Spaceport Nova Scotia.

Galaxia Mission Systems is based in Halifax.

Galaxia Mission Systems signed a multi-launch agreement with Impulso.Space in support of its MissionOne program.

Galaxia announced the agreement with Impulso.Space on February 5, 2026.

The FCC is retrofitting its internal processes to manage high-volume satellite licensing and expects operators to standardize filings to match that cadence.

A licensing system designed for a few television satellites cannot efficiently process thousands of low-Earth orbit broadband nodes.

Government officials are preparing for the World Radiocommunication Conference in 2027 to address international coordination issues.

The FCC is establishing rigid technical envelopes for power levels, orbital debris, and spectrum usage to streamline approvals.

The FCC Space Bureau is pivoting its operational philosophy from adjudication to mass production.

Dr. Jay Schwarz is Chief of the Federal Communications Commission Space Bureau.

The FCC Space Bureau is removing requirements for operators to file requests for minor operational adjustments after licensing.

Nations are registering hundreds of thousands of theoretical assets in filings to claim spectrum priority at international coordination bodies.

The FCC intends to approve applications that fall within its pre-set technical parameters with minimal friction.

Filings from Rwanda and China individually exceed the total number of objects currently in orbit.

The number of licenses or license requests submitted to the FCC Space Bureau has increased by over 200%.

The Presumed Acceptable Framework anchors the FCC’s approach to processing satellite applications.

Eighty percent of the agenda items for WRC-27 are related to space.

The SmallSat Symposium session on global space regulations was held in Mountain View.

The FCC characterizes the artisanal licensing model as obsolete for operators deploying constellations in the thousands.

The TSS concept required a tether approximately 20 kilometers long to generate several kilowatts of electrical power.

The Tethered Satellite System (TSS) was conceived by Professor Giuseppe Colombo to exploit shuttle velocity and the Earth's magnetic field to generate electrical power in space.

Umberto Guidoni launched aboard Space Shuttle Columbia on mission STS-75 on 22 February 1996 and returned from that flight on 9 March 1996.

Umberto Guidoni participated in the STS-100 mission in 2001 and was the first European astronaut to visit the International Space Station.

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