Baikonur Cosmodrome serves as Kazakhstan’s primary strategic space asset.

SpaceX and its Starlink constellation are identified as reshaping the economics and geopolitics of space access.

Kazakhstan voluntarily renounced its inherited nuclear arsenal.

Kazakhstan acceded to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT).

Olaf J. Groth, PhD is a Professor of Practice at UC Berkeley Haas and UT Malaysia and CEO of Cambrian Futures and Cambrian Labs.

Kazakhstan acceded to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).

Kazakhstan ratified the 1968 Rescue Agreement.

The McKinsey and World Economic Forum collaborative report projects the global space economy to grow from $630 billion to $1.8 trillion by 2035.

Kazakhstan has expressed its intention to join the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and observes MTCR guidelines as a unilateral adherent while full membership remains under review.

Olaf J. Groth serves on the AI Council of President Tokayev in Kazakhstan.

Askar Sinchev is Consultant to the Executive Office of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The report recommends that Kazakhstan seek partnerships with Australia’s CSIRO Space and Astronomy division and Canada’s MDA Space.

H.E. Zhaslan Madiyev is Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan ratified the 1972 Liability Convention.

Kazakhstan ratified the 1967 Outer Space Treaty.

The report recommends that Kazakhstan seek partnerships with Germany’s DLR Institute of Space Systems, UAE’s Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre, South Korea’s Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), and Japan’s JAXA Tsukuba Space Center.

Kazakhstan acceded to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC).

Kazakhstan acceded to the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).

Kazakhstan ratified the 1974 Registration Convention.

Kazakhstan has established satellite programs, integration and testing facilities, and a skilled engineering base.

Task Area 3 of the Multi-Service Advanced Capability Hypersonic Test Bed program focuses on reusable flight concepts for hypersonic missile tests.

Stratolaunch completed a significant capital raise to accelerate its hypersonic launch platform development.

The Multi-Service Advanced Capability Hypersonic Test Bed program is sponsored by the National Security Technology Accelerator.

The Pentagon awarded two contracts to Varda Space Industries and Stratolaunch for Task Area 3 of the Multi-Service Advanced Capability Hypersonic Test Bed program last week.

Stratolaunch will use the capital raise to accelerate vehicle development and manufacturing and to deepen its ties with the U.S. Department of Defense.

Tony Kestranek is vice president of the MACH-TB program at the National Security Technology Accelerator.

The U.S. Department of Defense is looking to the commercial space sector to support hypersonic test launches.

Under their MACH-TB Task Area 3 contracts, Varda Space Industries and Stratolaunch will provide reusable test vehicles and launch services that carry experiments and hypersonics tests with the goal of hardware reuse.

Riyadh Air plans to use NSG Skywaves to enhance passenger experience and improve fleet efficiency and operations.

Riyadh Air anticipates its first Airbus A321 equipped with NSG Skywaves will enter service in the fourth quarter of 2026.

Neo Space Group targets in-flight connectivity as a key market focus.

NSG Skywaves leverages SES’s Open Orbits network, which combines Medium-Earth Orbit and Geostationary Orbit satellites to deliver broadband connectivity.

NSG Skywaves is designed to support high-speed passenger connectivity of up to 300 Mbps.

In November 2025, Neo Space Group secured a contract to equip all 34 of Thai Airways’ Boeing 787 aircraft with its multi-orbit in-flight connectivity solution.

NSG Skywaves will use Airbus HBC+ hardware featuring the Thinkom Ka2517 antenna.

Neo Space Group’s NSG Skywaves is an in-flight connectivity solution intended for passenger aircraft.

Riyadh Air signed a partnership deal with Neo Space Group to equip Riyadh Air’s Airbus A321 fleet with NSG Skywaves on January 26, 2026.

Both Riyadh Air and Neo Space Group are owned by Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund.

Launches for the Flight Ticket initiative will use the RFA One rocket from the German company Rocket Factory Augsburg.

The Flight Ticket initiative offers companies and institutions the opportunity to test and validate technologies in space.

Added Value Solutions (AVS) is developing the Lurbat mission.

Lurbat will test two propulsion systems: a water-based system using water generated by solar electrolysis from URA Thrusters and an electrospray thruster with a porous emitter developed by AVS in the United Kingdom.

The two Indra-built CubeSats will carry five experiments selected by the European Commission.

The Spanish company Indra is building two CubeSats for a separate Flight Ticket mission.

The new Flight Ticket phase occurs five months after the first agreement.

GMV Innovating Solutions, based in Spain, developed an advanced payload processing unit that will fly as one of the five experiments on the Indra CubeSats.

Flight Ticket launches will depart from the Saxavord spaceport in the United Kingdom.

Lurbat has a modular and scalable design intended for future integration into constellations.

Spain is consolidating its role as not only a provider of space components but also as an architect of complex space systems and demonstrator of critical space technologies.

Other experiments on the Indra CubeSats originate from Belgium and the Netherlands.