Amazon requested a waiver or extension from the FCC based on its deep investments and assertions of good-faith progress toward deployment.

The Federal Communications Commission’s milestone rules are designed to prevent spectrum warehousing by requiring timely use of spectrum licenses.

Amazon booked its first three Falcon 9 launches with SpaceX in December 2023 to place prototype satellites into orbit.

A major Amazon Leo launch is scheduled for February 12, 2026 on an Arianespace rocket carrying a batch of 32 satellites.

ArcEdge Space stated that multiple projects have entered the social implementation phase and that increasing on-hand cash will accelerate the company’s establishment of a mass-production system.

On February 3, ArcEdge Space secured ¥3,000,000,000 in financing from Mizuho Bank under a loan agreement.

The loan from Mizuho Bank is intended to fund working capital for ArcEdge Space, including procurement of satellite components and satellite launch costs for a satellite constellation.

ArcEdge Space provides end-to-end solutions for microsatellite constellations, including planning, design, mass production, and operations.

ArcEdge Space’s cumulative fundraising totals ¥15,500,000,000, comprising ¥10,700,000,000 from third-party allotment capital increases and ¥4,800,000,000 from loan agreements including overdraft facilities.

ArcEdge Space plans to combine equity financing with lower-cost borrowing to strengthen its financial base and optimize its cost of capital.

ArcEdge Space is based in Koto Ward, Tokyo.

Wide-area mixed reality, autonomous mobility, and real‑time AI health monitoring applications require a consistently strong signal that traditional siloed networks cannot provide.

The Open Technology Institute's vision centers on a "Single Network Future" in which devices automatically and intelligently switch between Wi‑Fi, terrestrial cellular, and non‑terrestrial (satellite) networks without requiring manual authentication or suffering packet drops.

SpaceX's acquisition of EchoStar spectrum provides SpaceX with dedicated Mobile‑Satellite Service spectrum, allowing it to bypass many interference hurdles associated with sharing terrestrial cellular bands.

SpaceX secured a definitive deal worth approximately $19.6 billion in late 2025 for EchoStar's AWS‑3, AWS‑4, and H‑block spectrum licenses.

The combination of SpaceX's spectrum acquisition and Starlink expansion advances a future in which orbital and terrestrial networks function as a single, interoperable fabric for global consumers.

Low‑Earth Orbit satellites are transitioning from niche emergency services to essential infrastructure.

Michael Calabrese is the Director of the Wireless Future Project at the Open Technology Institute.

The Open Technology Institute's report calls on the Federal Communications Commission to authorize a multi‑stakeholder group to standardize seamless handoff protocols.

The Open Technology Institute published a report titled "What 6G Should Be: Ubiquitous and Seamless Connectivity, Not Just Another 'G'" on February 3, 2026 that prioritizes universal interoperability over raw speed.

Viasat and Globalstar opposed SpaceX's Starlink expansion due to concerns about orbital clutter and spectrum interference.

The January 9, 2026 FCC authorization enables SpaceX to deliver high‑speed, low‑latency broadband and direct‑to‑device cellular service worldwide.

The Federal Communications Commission granted SpaceX an authorization on January 9, 2026 to expand its second‑generation Starlink constellation to 15,000 satellites.

Michael Calabrese identifies eliminating "dead zones" and "not-spots" in rural and indoor environments as the true value of 6G.

Tomorrow.io currently serves around 250 customers.

Tomorrow.io operates a weather monitoring constellation.

Tomorrow.io raised $175 million in new funding to fund its next-generation DeepSky weather monitoring constellation.

Tomorrow.io’s most recent prior funding was an $87 million Series E funding round in 2023.

Stonecourt Capital and HarbourVest led Tomorrow.io’s $175 million funding round.

DeepSky satellites will be equipped with multimodal sensors that can scan the full electromagnetic spectrum at high frequency.

Tomorrow.io remained a private company after backing out of a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) deal in 2022.

Tomorrow.io customer applications include supply chain optimization, infrastructure resilience, early warning systems, and climate adaptation.

Tomorrow.io has not shared a target number of satellites for the DeepSky constellation.

Tomorrow.io announced plans for the upgraded DeepSky constellation to provide faster revisit rates and more coverage.

CesiumAstro positions itself to play a central role in proliferated space and defense networks.

CesiumAstro intends to deliver resilient, AI-enabled communications to enable connect, detect, and defend capabilities at global scale.

CesiumAstro raised a total of $470 million across two funding buckets in the recent financing.

CesiumAstro’s recent equity round brings the company’s total venture funding to upwards of $420 million since 2017.

CesiumAstro will use the new funding to cement additional defense-sector contracts and build out its national security business.

CesiumAstro completed a $65 million Series B+ in June 2024 that was led by Trousdale Ventures.

CesiumAstro built its business on communications terminals that enable satellites to communicate with one another and with the ground.

CesiumAstro is positioning its technology to support the Space Development Agency’s Proliferated Warfighter Space Architecture and other defense-geared constellations.

Shey Sabripour is the CEO of CesiumAstro.

CesiumAstro closed a $270 million funding round in early 2026.

The Response program aims to make the FOC-1A antenna compatible with near-Earth and deep space communication requirements.

Telespazio named the FOC-1A modernization program Response.

The FOC-1A antenna is a 27-meter-diameter parabolic antenna.

The modernized FOC-1A antenna is intended to support lunar missions and deep space exploration over the coming decades.

Telespazio and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) are partnering to modernize the FOC-1A antenna.

The FOC-1A antenna is located at the Fucino Space Centre in Italy.